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22.
This paper presents a model-based methodology called DESIGNOR to support design decisions for new industrial products. Models and measurements are developed to assess the relationship between product features and market potential. The methodology incorporates a measurement survey for model calibration and leads to empirical tradeoff curves between design dimensions. The approach handles discrete as well as continuous features and can be incorporated into a procedure aimed at finding a profit maximizing design. It can be used to support decisions concerning product design as well as for product line expansion. The approach provides a consistent way of evaluating market potential for new industrial products and presents important advantages over other product design methodologies. 相似文献
23.
Jean-Marie Viaene 《Review of World Economics》1992,128(4):615-638
Zusammenfassung Reale Wirkungen der Deregulierung des Finanzsektors im Jahre 1992. - Der Verfasser analysiert die kurzfristigen und dauerhaften
Wirkungen der Deregulierung des Finanzsektors für eine offene Volkswirtschaft, die mit Gütern und Wertpapieren handelt. Es
wird haupts?chlich untersucht, welchen Einflu? diese Ma?nahmen auf die Sachkapitalbildung, das Gleichgewicht auf den Wertpapierm?rkten,
die Auslandsverschuldung und den übergang von der Unterbesch?ftigung zur Vollbesch?ftigung ausüben. Auf dieser Basis werden
die potentiellen Wirkungen der 1992 auf dem Finanzsektor vorgenommenen Liberalisierung für fünf europ?ische L?nder beurteilt.
Es zeigt sich, da? von der Deregulierung zu Recht günstige Wirkungen erwartet werden.
Résumé Les effets réels de la libéralisation financière de 1992. - Dans cette étude l’auteur analyse les effets réels à court terme de la libéralisation financière dans une économie ouverte qui échange des marchandises et des titres. On met l’accent sur la question quel r?le ces mesures jouent pour l’accroissement du capital physique, l’équilibre de portefeuille, l’endettement extérieur de l’économie et pour l’approche à plein emploi. Sur cette base l’auteur évalue les effets potentiels de la libéralisation des services financiers en 1992 pour cinq pays européens et conclut qu’on a de bons raisons d'attendre des effets favorables de la libéralisation financière.
Resumen Los efectos reales de la desregulación financiera de 1992. - En este trabajo se analizan los efectos reales de la desregulación financiera de corto plazo y de “steady state” en una economia abierta que comercia con bienes y bonos. Se enfatiza el papel que juegan estas medidas en el proceso de acumulación de capital tangible, el equilibrio de cartera, la deuda externa y la transition de una positión con desempleo a una positión sin desempleo. Sobre esta base se estiman los efectos potenciales de la liberalizatión de servicios financieres en cinco países europeos y se concluye que los resultados soportan la hipótesis de que el impacto de la desregulación financiera ha sido positivo.相似文献
24.
Capital Controls and International Trade Finance in a Dual Exchange Rate Regime: The Belgian Experience Post-Mortem. — The purpose of the paper is to model “leads and lags” capital flows on the official segment of a dual exchange market and to examine the effects of various types of capital controls imposed by authorities on the official spot and forward exchange markets. The focus of the analysis is the degree of insulation provided by a “dual exchange market cum capital controls” in face of a speculative crisis. The crucial variables in this respect are the deviation from covered interest parity and the forward risk premium. Results of the theoretical model are confronted with empirical evidence over the 1975–85 period. 相似文献
25.
Jean-Marie Grether Nicole A. Mathys Jaime de Melo 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2009,43(2):257-274
Combining two data sources on emissions with value-added and employment data, this paper constructs six data bases on sulfur
dioxide (SO2) intensities that vary across countries, sectors and years. This allows us to perform a growth decomposition exercise where
the change in world manufacturing emissions is decomposed into scale, composition and technique effects. The sample covers
the period 1990–2000, and includes 62 countries that account for 76% of world-wide emissions. While manufacturing activity
has increased by a rough 10% (scale effect), we estimate that emissions have fallen by about 10%, thanks to the adoption of
cleaner production techniques (the technique effect) and a small shift towards cleaner industries (between-sector effect).
As output and productivity gains have been biased towards large emerging countries like China and India, which are both clean
in terms of emissions per unit labor and dirty in terms of emissions per dollar, the sign and magnitude of the between-country
effect depends on the choice regarding the scaling factor ( − 2% for employment, + 25% for value-added, with a corresponding
adjustment of the technique effect). The paper also shows that these estimates are robust to changes in aggregation across
entities (regions or countries) and across industries, and that composition changes are correlated with changes in prices
and trade intensities.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
26.
Structural and competitive determinants of globally oriented small- and medium-sized enterprises: An empirical analysis 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Jean-Marie Nkongolo-Bakenda Robert Anderson Jack Ito Garnet Garven 《Journal of International Entrepreneurship》2010,8(1):55-86
This paper examines the factors influencing the internationalization of the activities of small- and medium-sized enterprises
(SMEs) as an entrepreneurial response to the opportunities and threats posed by the increasing globalization of the economic
system. Findings from agricultural equipment manufacturers indicate that size, international experience, innovation, and distinctiveness
have a direct influence on the degree in internationalization by SMEs. Scanning, learning, and networking have some influence
on the extent of internationalization of SME activities but only indirectly through other variables. Competition intensity
and uncertainty also have an indirect impact on internationalization, but standardization does not. Relative importance of
each determinant is ascertained and the impact of SME internationalization activities on performance is assessed. 相似文献
27.
The ratio of price changes to dividends is sometimes used to assess personal tax rates and detect tax clientele for dividends. It is suggested here that the model is unable to detect possible tax effects, given the sample sizes available to most researchers. 相似文献
28.
On the design of invoicing practices in international trade 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
We advance an explanation for the choice of the invoice currency of international trade contracts on the basis of strategic bargaining considerations. The choice of the invoice currency originates in a situation in which each trader takes into account the other party's bargaining power. The latter depends on the individual discount factor, whether one is the first or second proposer, and whether one is on the short or long side of the market. Along these lines we explain the Grassman bias for trade contracts to be invoiced in the exporter's currency. 相似文献
29.
30.
In this paper, we investigate the role of young adult mortality on child labor and educational decisions. We argue that mortality risks are a major source of risks in returns to education in developing countries. We show that, in the absence of appropriate insurance mechanisms, the level of child labor is inefficient, but it can be too high or too low. It is too high when parents are not very altruistic and anticipate positive transfers from their children in the future. Uncertain returns to education, endogenous mortality or imperfect capital markets unambiguously increase child labor. When the level of child labor is inefficiently high, we also show that a cash transfer conditional on child's schooling can always restore efficiency regarding child labor. 相似文献