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111.
Douglas Gollin 《Journal of Monetary Economics》2008,55(2):219-233
In most poor countries, small firms and self-employment are the dominant forms of business enterprise—even in the manufacturing sector. For rich countries, in contrast, self-employed people account for very small shares of manufacturing employment and output. This paper builds on Lucas [1978. On the size distribution of business firms. Bell Journal of Economics 9(2), 508-523] to ask whether structural changes of this kind are driven by productivity differences. A model, calibrated to Japanese time-series data, is shown to mimic key features of cross-country and time-series data. The results support the idea that changes in aggregate productivity account for much of the cross-country variation in establishment size and self-employment rates. 相似文献
112.
113.
Douglas B. Fuller 《Asia Pacific Journal of Management》2010,27(3):445-459
This article identifies three distinct patterns of investment behavior by venture capital firms investing in technology sector
start-ups in China. The first pattern is the service-oriented, technology-light investment behavior exhibited by the foreign
venture capitalist firms not founded by ethnic Chinese. The second pattern is the technology creation investment pattern exhibited
by foreign firms founded by ethnic Chinese and embedded in ethnic Chinese communities. The third pattern consists of local
state-funded Chinese venture capital firms that choose either to invest in state-directed projects or opt out of investing
in technology start-ups entirely. What explains the differences in behavior between the strictly foreign and the ethnic Chinese-embedded
foreign firms are the different legal environments in which these firms honed their skills. The different learned experience
gained from operating in different environments explains why the foreign firms avoid investing in technology-generating activities
in China whereas the ethnic Chinese firms are willing to do so despite China’s notorious weak intellectual property rights
regime. The political factors influencing the distribution of finance in China explain the behavior and essential failure
of the local state-run venture capital firms. These findings demonstrate that several distinct, separate and non-clashing
institutional arrangements are concurrently operating within China and shaping the behavior of venture capital firms there. 相似文献
114.
This paper uses data on wage and salary workers in Australia in 1993 to examine the relation between computer knowledge and earnings. A unique feature of the data set that is used is detailed information on the types and levels of computer skills possessed by individual workers. The main objectives of the study are to contribute to understanding the magnitude and sources of the relation between computer knowledge and earnings. Similar to existing research it is found that there is a large and significant return to computer knowledge, but that the magnitude of the return is substantially reduced in regressions that include detailed occupation controls. Using the detailed information on workers’ computer skills the main finding is that earnings are significantly positively related to the number of types of skills and average level of skills possessed by a worker. 相似文献
115.
116.
The Department of Social Security's discussion document on equalizing state pension age is examined and put in context. The authors conclude that it takes too narrow a view of the equality issue, and argue for a more radical reappraisal of state pension provision for the 21st century. 相似文献
117.
Douglas West Adrian Sargeant 《International Journal of Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Marketing》1999,4(3):224-234
This paper examines fundraising communications for charities in respect to their use of media. The questions posed were the extent to which knowledge and experience affect the perceptions of risk in media decision-making, and to what extent direct marketing reduces risk owing to its measurability. Based on a mail survey, direct mail was perceived as less risky than advertising. However, less risk was generally perceived when using familiar media. Managerially, the implications are that fundraisers may be lulled into a false sense of security by their familiarity with the media that they are using. The research emphasises the importance of perceptions in risk-taking and the need continually to re-evaluate positions on media choice. Copyright © 1999 Henry Stewart Publications 相似文献
118.
The paper reinterprets Schumpeter's views on the dynamic effects of taxation, as originally expressed in Crisis of the Tax State, from a Kaleckian perspective. In light of Schumpeter's rejection of Keynesian and Marshallian approaches to taxation, the
paper argues that a recently developed Kaleckian approach provides an appropriate basis from which to analyse the effects
on the business cycle of balanced changes in the structure of taxation. It is shown that, under certain shifting assumptions,
increases in the taxation of wages or profits will stimulate investment and attenuate the amplitude of the business cycle.
Ultimately, the shifting of taxes reduces to a conflict over income shares. The changing distribution of income in the United
Kingdom in recent years suggests that investment is likely to remain sluggish unless there is a significant reversal of income
shares. This may give rise to increasing economic and political tensions into the 21st century. 相似文献
119.
120.
While increased financial literacy may improve individual retirement savings decisions, modifying the placement of key information in retirement savings statements can produce further improvements. We examined the extent to which placement of information and financial literacy affected the accessibility of information for individuals and assisted in their financial decision making. We also disaggregated financial literacy into numeracy and knowledge to identify key drivers. Using an experimental design, we find the increased salience resulting from modifying the presentation format improved participants' ability to locate important information (accessibility) and to evaluate the relative performance of funds (assessability). However, the incremental benefits of placement are only found for individuals with moderate numeracy skills. We conclude there is value accruing from financial literacy programs as advocated by regulators, but suggest additional benefits may be reaped from focusing on numeracy skills and from using presentation formats that improve information accessibility and assessability. 相似文献