全文获取类型
收费全文 | 16813篇 |
免费 | 455篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 3232篇 |
工业经济 | 1564篇 |
计划管理 | 2809篇 |
经济学 | 3721篇 |
综合类 | 186篇 |
运输经济 | 116篇 |
旅游经济 | 293篇 |
贸易经济 | 2896篇 |
农业经济 | 892篇 |
经济概况 | 1551篇 |
信息产业经济 | 3篇 |
邮电经济 | 5篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 82篇 |
2021年 | 95篇 |
2020年 | 200篇 |
2019年 | 269篇 |
2018年 | 314篇 |
2017年 | 332篇 |
2016年 | 358篇 |
2015年 | 212篇 |
2014年 | 355篇 |
2013年 | 1969篇 |
2012年 | 467篇 |
2011年 | 615篇 |
2010年 | 448篇 |
2009年 | 542篇 |
2008年 | 488篇 |
2007年 | 493篇 |
2006年 | 466篇 |
2005年 | 454篇 |
2004年 | 400篇 |
2003年 | 435篇 |
2002年 | 414篇 |
2001年 | 406篇 |
2000年 | 367篇 |
1999年 | 354篇 |
1998年 | 350篇 |
1997年 | 325篇 |
1996年 | 305篇 |
1995年 | 269篇 |
1994年 | 243篇 |
1993年 | 288篇 |
1992年 | 272篇 |
1991年 | 253篇 |
1990年 | 230篇 |
1989年 | 210篇 |
1988年 | 221篇 |
1987年 | 187篇 |
1986年 | 218篇 |
1985年 | 289篇 |
1984年 | 297篇 |
1983年 | 252篇 |
1982年 | 263篇 |
1981年 | 246篇 |
1980年 | 256篇 |
1979年 | 229篇 |
1978年 | 200篇 |
1977年 | 176篇 |
1976年 | 165篇 |
1975年 | 127篇 |
1974年 | 144篇 |
1973年 | 101篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
John Godard 《英国劳资关系杂志》1997,35(3):399-426
This paper addresses: (1) the extent to which changes appear to have occurred in managerial strategies and labour and employment relations in Canadian firms, and (2) the role of the state relative to anonymous economic forces in accounting for Canadian developments. The general findings are that, while there have been a number of significant changes, these have been more moderate than expected by 'transformation' theory; furthermore, the Canadian case is consistent with the argument that state actions play a major role relative to more anonymous economic 'forces' in accounting for developments in labour and employment relations. It also suggests an alternative model to that typically assumed by transformation theory, one in which state policies and economic conditions are considered to be important not only for their direct effects on employer policies, but also for their indirect effects, through their implications for worker expectations and union militancy. Although these conclusions are tentative and call for more systematic, comparative research, they are consistent with arguments by Burawoy and others that state actions can serve as an important source of labour regulation at the level of the firm. 相似文献
42.
The number of intermediary levels between a manufacturer and the final market in a distribution channel varies from industry to industry. In some cases, none are used (i.e. the distribution function is vertically integrated), while several middleman levels are used in other cases (e.g. the use of a wholesaler, a jobber, and a retailer in the distribution of meat). In this paper we examine the effect of competition on the profit-maximizing length of the distribution channel. We find that the optimal number of middleman levels increases with the substitutability of products in the market, but that there are institutional limits on the maximum number of levels in a channel. The analysis also suggests that differences in the objectives of channel members (e.g. the maximization of total channel profit versus the maximization of each member's individual profit) affect optimal channel length: a goal of total channel profit maximization produces a channel at least as long as one of individual (non-co-operative) member profit maximization. The work thus complements existing research focusing on intra-channel (e.g. cost-based) explanations of channel length, using a framework similar to those investigating competitive incentives for vertical integration in distribution. 相似文献
43.
This article analyses the effects of action aimed at narrowing the gap between South Africa's ‘two agricultures’, specifically the effects of the Farmer Support Programme (FSP) on structural aspects of maize production under different marketing policies. This is done by assembling a sectoral linear programming model of the South African summer-rainfall grain-producing area. The emphasis is on the inclusion of supply, demand and production risk. Results show that the effects of a successful FSP on specific interest groups, e.g. consumers of a specific product, or producers in a specific region, depend on the marketing policy followed, as well as on the effectiveness of the FSP. The analysis accentuates the interrelationships in South African crop production and illustrates how past policies ignored regional comparative advantages, distorted regional development and affected social welfare. 相似文献
44.
45.
This paper examines occupational performance in Australia across three racial groups in Australia: Indigenous Australians; Asian people, defined as all those whose language spoken at home was either Chinese, Vietnamese or other forms of a South-east or East Asian language; and white people, defined as the residual category. The paper has as its starting point, observed differences in occupational attainment among the three groups in Australia and sets out to account for these observed differences on the basis of both race and non-racial attributes such as, age, education and area of residence. 相似文献
46.
Technological and financial approaches to risk management in agriculture: an integrated approach* 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Robert G. Chambers John Quiggin 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2004,48(2):199-223
In the present paper, risk‐management problems where farmers manage risk both through production decisions and through the use of market‐based and informal risk‐management mechanisms are considered. It is shown that many of these problems share a common structure, and that a unified and informative treatment of a broad spectrum of risk‐management tools is possible within a cost‐minimisation framework, under minimal conditions on their objective functions. Fundamental results are derived that apply regardless of the producer's preference towards risks, using only the no‐arbitrage condition that agricultural producers never forego any opportunity to lower costs without lowering returns. 相似文献
47.
External Sources of Innovative Capabilities: The Preferences for Strategic Alliances or Mergers and Acquisitions 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This paper explores the preferences that companies have as they use alternative (quasi) external sources of innovative competencies such as strategic technology alliances, mergers and acquisitions, or a mix of these. These alternatives are studied in the context of distinct industrial, technological and international settings during the first half of the 1990s. Different strategies followed by companies and the role played by routinized sets of preferences are also taken into consideration. The analysis demonstrates that these options are influenced by both different environmental conditions and firm specific circumstances, such as those related to protecting core businesses. 相似文献
48.
John Stittle 《公共资金与管理》2002,22(1):49-54
Railtrack plc, floated in 1996, was the private sector owner of Britain's railway track, signals and stations. Its major source of revenue came from track access charges, which individual train operating companies (TOCs) paid for use of the infrastructure. Since many of these TOCs received substantial subsidies to assist in paying their track access charges, Railtrack was in effect being heavily subsidised. In October 2001, the Government decided that these arrangements were no longer viable and placed Railtrack into administration. This article explains how the level of indirect subsidies to Railtrack had become excessive, and raises crucial questions that need to be addressed in settling the future shape of the railway industry. 相似文献
49.
As agricultural products move from being economic commodities to quality–differentiated goods, price dispersion within specific markets increases and implicit subsidies from high quality producers to low quality producers are removed. The present paper examines how these distributional effects can influence patterns of support and opposition to changes in marketing arrangements. The simple model developed is calibrated using data from the USA slaughter cattle market. Estimates of the impact on prices of measuring quality more accurately are found to be similar in size to previous estimates of market power price suppression in the market. 相似文献
50.
Japanese stock returns are even more closely related to their book-to-market ratios than are their U.S. counterparts, and thus provide a good setting for testing whether the return premia associated with these characteristics arise because the characteristics are proxies for covariance with priced factors. Our tests, which replicate the Daniel and Titman (1997) tests on a Japanese sample, reject the Fama and French (1993) three-factor model, but fail to reject the characteristic model. 相似文献