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In this paper we measure the effect of year-to-year changes in the weather on wine prices and winery revenue in the Mosel
Valley in Germany in order to determine the effect that climate change is likely to have on the income of wine growers. A
novel aspect of our analysis is that we compare the estimates based on auction, retail, and wholesale prices. Although auction
prices are based on actual transactions, they provide a thick market only for high quality, expensive wines and may overestimate
climate’s effect on farmer revenues. Wholesale prices, on the other hand, do provide broad coverage of all wines sold and
probably come closest to representing the revenues of farmers. Overall, we estimate a 1°C increase in temperature would yield
an increase in farmer revenue of about 30%. 相似文献
33.
Using Danish survey data from a choice experiment, parental preferences for class-size reduction are estimated. While parents with children in large classes are willing to pay for class-size reduction, parents with children in small classes are reluctant and even express negative utility for further class-size reduction. We interpret this as parents balancing the risk of ‘Lazearian’ interrupters and the benefits of educational and social peers when forming their preferences for class size. 相似文献
34.
Karl OETTLE 《Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics》1995,66(3):345-364
RESUME: Dam les Etats fédéraux, comme en Allemagne, les entreprises communales font partie intégrante de l'autommie de gestion locale par la mise à disposition d'une certaine infrastructure. Dernièrement, du côtéétatique et scientifique, on réclame de plus en plus une gestion de type commercial pour les entmprises publiques, et donc communales, d'infrastructure (approvisionnement, transport, évacuation). Cet article postule, à l'encore de ces tendances à l'uniformisation, de clairement marquer la distinction entre les fournisseurs privés et ceux du service public en raison de leur objet social différent. Même si la problématique de fond d‘une gestwn tutélaire d‘une entreprise est la même dam le secteur public que dans le secteur privé, le contnôle du comportement des gestwnnaires engagés est toutefois fort différent. La reddition de comptes de type commercial - qui est proposée également pour les entreprises publiques - permet plutôt de contnôler la gestion commerciale que cell d'un service public. Dam les deux cas, le contrôle comptable est complété par des dispositions organisationnelles. Dans le cas (d'infrastrmture), ces dispositions doivent satisfaire des exigemes différentes et nettement plus importantes que celles d'gpplication dans le secteur commercial en raison de la faible signification des résultats commerciaux dam le secteur public. 相似文献
35.
This study demonstrates the importance of explicitly accounting for the possibility of recalls in the analysis of unemployment composition and the determinants of unemployment spell durations. Using Austrian administrative data we estimate that recalls accounted for nearly one half of the employment to unemployment to re-employment transitions in 1985 with the probability of recall being mainly dependent on industry and job characteristics related to seasonal work. We then analyse unemployment spell durations in a competing risks framework and, indeed, find significantly different duration patterns across new jobs and recalls.This paper draws on research in which the first author has collaborated with Georg Fischer. We would like to thank seminar participants at the ZEW, Mannheim, the Institute for Advanced Studies Vienna, participants of the European Economic Association congress, Dublin, and two referees of this journal for valuable comments and criticisms. 相似文献
36.
The Asset Approach to Pricing Urban Land: Empirical Evidence 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Karl E. Case 《Real Estate Economics》1989,17(2):175-176
Many papers have attempted to explain Intelmetropolitan variations in the price of housing using multi-equation models of the metropolitan housing market. This paper uses a long-run equilibrium urban asset model to explain such variations. The model builds upon previous models that introduce uncertainty into the dynamic urban model of land conversion. The empirical results strongly support the asset approach to valuing land in urban areas. 相似文献
37.
Karl L. Guntermann Stefan C. Norrbin 《The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics》1991,4(3):297-313
Recent empirical research using real estate data has supported the weak and semi-strong forms of the efficient markets hypothesis. Previous studies have not included an estimate of expected appreciation into the tests of market efficiency, thus raising a question about the reliability of the results. We first use a market model to test for market efficiency with results similar to those reported by others. We next use a dynamic multiple indicator, multiple cause (DYMIMIC) model, which extracts a vector of expected appreciation from the price data, to test market efficiency. This approach produces superior results and a stronger conclusion about the efficiency of housing markets. The results indicate limited adjustment delays which can be explained by the existence of high transactions and search costs. 相似文献
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