Not enough money or not enough time to satisfy the Thrifty Food Plan? A cost difference approach for estimating a money–time threshold

Food production at home requires money and time. Food assistance programs focus exclusively on the money cost, while ignoring the time cost. This one-dimensional focus could undermine the effectiveness of food assistance programs. In the spirit of Vickery (1977), this paper uses a cost difference approach to develop a money–time threshold, and several related metrics, to determine whether money or time is the most limiting resource in reaching the Thrifty Food Plan (TFP) target. In our empirical analysis we find that when time is ignored, single headed households spend on average 35% more than required to meet the TFP target. However, when time is included, these households spend on average 40% less than required to meet the TFP target. In addition, we find that when time is ignored, 62% of single headed households on average spend enough money to reach the TFP target, but when time is included, only 13% of single headed households spend enough on average to reach the TFP target. Our empirical results suggest that time is more constraining than money in reaching the TFP target. These results imply that metrics solely focusing on money could severely underestimate the gap between actual expenditures and those required to reach the TFP target.     

乐山旅游新去处 乌木珍品文化博物馆

四川乐山乌木珍品文化博物苑是一座集乌木雕刻艺术的收藏、研究、展示为一体的专题性博物馆。乌木博物苑位于世界自然与文化双遗产——乐山大佛、峨眉山绿色旅游通道上,主要由乌木博物馆和毛主席像章陈列馆两部分组成。     

日本新修普惠制方案对我国出口影响实证分析

普惠制(GSP)是由“七十七国集团”在1964年第一届联合国贸发会议上正式提出，1971年关贸总协定成员国正式确定的发达国家给予发展中国家的普遍优惠待遇，它为发展中国家生产的符合要求的产品提供了进入发达国家市场的优惠——减少或免除税收，是发达国家给予发展中国家的一种普遍的、非歧视的和非互惠的关税优惠制度。     

C/C++语言指针教学研究

本文通过分析系统为普通变量和指针变量所分配的存储空间的地址特点,从另一个角度深刻揭示指针的实质,给出了在C/C++语言教学过程中如何将指针的概念具体化的几种方法.     

论我国企业跨国并购的战略选择

我国企业的国际化是大势所趋,跨国并购是走向国际化的较好选择之一。尤其是最近几年来,我国一些知名企业的跨国并购引起了广泛的注意,或成功或失败,其经验教训值得我们深思。我国企业的跨国并购一定要与企业的整合能力相结合,顺应国际产业转移趋势,围绕和强化企业的主业,尽量降低并购成本,并注重企业经营管理理念的提升,唯其如此,才能取得成功。     

跨国公司在华品牌本土化战略和启示

在中国市场，企业的产品竞争正逐渐演变为品牌竞争，品牌战略已成为企业占有市场的有效途径。跨国公司凭借其品牌优势所实施的品牌本士化战略在中国市场的竞争中居于有利地位，而国内企业在品牌战略的一些错误做法导致其在竞争中远远地落在跨国公司后面，实施正确的品牌扩张策略已是刻不容缓.     

A study of firms surrounding the threshold of Sarbanes–Oxley Section 404 Compliance

This study examines whether firms surrounding the Sarbanes–Oxley Section 404 market value compliance threshold behave opportunistically to reduce their market value to avoid compliance with Section 404. We find evidence that those firms reduce their market value temporarily during threshold measurement quarters, whereas control firms experience increasing market value. We find strong evidence of dampened stock returns and some evidence of insider trading as means to reduce the float. Additionally, we find that downward earnings management is used as a mechanism to alter investors’ expectations of firm value in order to temporarily reduce stock prices. We consider this opportunistic evidence of regulatory avoidance. Finally, we find that the likelihood of avoidance increases with the power of the CEO and decreases with the strength of the monitoring of the CEO, which suggest that avoidance is more likely to happen in firms with poor corporate governance mechanisms.     

我国社保基金资产优化配置研究

社保基金资产配置对于基金的收益和风险控制具有重要的作用,通过调整不同资产间的配置比例,可在有限风险的条件下追求最大收益。我国对社保基金资产配置规定了相应的比例限制,但随着市场的变化,配置比例的一成不变使其从收益及风险控制角度都非最优选择。本文通过马柯威茨均值-方差模型,对社保基金资产的优化配置进行实证研究,寻找最优的资产配置比例,为我国社保基金投资管理提供一定意义的参考。     

利率市场化、商业银行信贷与企业融资行为

利率市场化是提升金融资源配置效率的重要手段。本文通过分析利率市场化对商业银行信贷和企业融资行为的影响机制和理论模型,比较利率管制、利差管制和利率市场化条件下资本所有者、资本中介者和资本需求者的行为模式,指出利率市场化对资本所有者的收益、资本中介者的经营效率以及企业的融资结构、企业融资约束的放松都产生了积极正向的效应。"十二五"期间,我国需要有计划、有步骤、坚定不移地推进利率市场化改革,并以此为契机,提升商业银行经营效率,优化企业融资结构,缓解企业尤其是中小企业的融资困境。