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101.
Keith J. Blois 《Journal of Marketing Management》2013,29(2):113-121
Peters (1987) describes how after some of his seminars he is asked “But what do I DO?”. This question is also often directed at people who have been introducing marketing ideas to businessmen—particularly businessmen whose work does not bring them into contact with customers. This article explains how anybody can start to think in marketing terms by asking five simple questions about the organisation they work for. “Simple” to ask, but requiring disciplined thought if answers are to be found which lead to appropriate managerial actions. “Difficult” to answer not least because the answers to each question affect the answers given to the others. In doing so it also introduces a number of basic but important marketing concepts. 相似文献
102.
Every new product development (NPD) project should not only deliver a successful new product but also should generate learning for the organization. Postproject reviews (PPRs) are recognized by both practitioners and academics as an appropriate mechanism to stimulate and capture learning in NPD teams. However, relatively few companies use PPRs, and those that do use them often fail to do so effectively. Although they are widely perceived to be a useful tool, empirical research on how PPRs are typically organized and the learning that results is limited. The present article addresses this gap in the extant knowledge and describes five in‐depth case studies, which were conducted at leading companies in Germany. A detailed investigation was made of how PPRs are conducted and of the type of learning that can result. Three main sources of data were used for each case: company documentation, in‐depth interviews with managers responsible for NPD, and observation of an actual PPR. The different data sources enabled extensive triangulation of data to be conducted and a high degree of reliability and validity to be achieved. The analysis enabled a number of key characteristics of the way PPRs are managed to be identified. Various characteristics of PPRs influence their utility, such as the time at which they take place and the way discussions are moderated. In addition, the data show that participants in the discussions at PPRs often use metaphors and stories, which indicates that PPRs have the potential to generate tacit knowledge. Interestingly, the data also show that there are various different ways in which metaphors and stories appear to stimulate discussions on NPD projects. Based on the cross‐case analysis, a wide range of implications are identified. Researchers need to investigate PPRs further to identify how they can generate tacit and explicit knowledge and support project‐to‐project learning. The generation of tacit knowledge in NPD is a topic that particularly needs further investigation. The research also led to a range of recommendations for practitioners. Companies need to strongly communicate the purpose and value of PPRs, to run them effectively to stimulate the maximum possible learning, and to disseminate the findings widely. PPRs have the potential to create and transfer knowledge amongst NPD professionals, but, as they are seldom currently used, many companies are missing an important opportunity. 相似文献
103.
We develop a one-period model of investor asset holdings whereinvestors have heterogeneous preference for skewness. Introducingheterogeneous preference for skewness allows the model's investors,in equilibrium, to underdiversify. We find support for our model'sthree key implications using a dataset of 60,000 individualinvestor accounts. First, we document that the portfolio returnsof underdiversified investors are substantially more positivelyskewed than those of diversified investors. Second, we showthat the apparent mean-variance inefficiency of underdiversifiedinvestors can be largely explained by the fact that investorssacrifice mean-variance efficiency for higher skewness exposure.Furthermore, we show that idiosyncratic skewness, and not justcoskewness, can impact equilibrium prices. Third, the underdiversificationof investors does not appear to be coincidentally related toskewness. Stocks most often selected by underdiversified investorshave substantially higher average skewnessespeciallyidiosyncratic skewnessthan stocks most often selectedby diversified investors. 相似文献
104.
Scottish Enterprise, the body being formed from the amalgamation of the Scottish Development Agency (SDA) and the Training Agency (TA), will become operational on 1st April 1991. Its likely impact has been considered elsewhere (for example Moore, 1989; Hayton, 1989; Danson et al, 1989). The purpose of this article is to look at progress in setting up the new organization and to consider the characteristics of those who will be directing the activities of the Scottish Enterprise “core” and of the 13 Local Enterprise Companies (LECs) that will be responsible for delivering a range of economic development and training services. 相似文献
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108.
Keith Hayton 《Local Economy》1990,5(1):28-43
With the launch of Employment Training (ET) in 1988 there has been increasing interest in providing training that is closely tied to the demands of the labour market. The establishment of ET came about because of a concern that unemployment was still very high at a time when large numbers of jobs were being created. Part of the explanation for this apparent paradox was that the unemployed lacked the motivation and skills to get jobs. The solution, as proposed by ET, was to provide counseling and training (Department of Employment, 1988). Insofar as this recognised that factors other than a lack of skills stopped the unemployed getting work it was to be welcomed. However there are other things that need to be taken account of if labour markets are to work effectively (Haughton and Peck, 1989). Many of these are outside of the control of the unemployed. 相似文献
109.
Gary McKinnon Milton E. Smith H. Keith Hunt 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》1985,13(1-2):340-351
In the western world, and in the United States in particular, there has been an abundance of food, materials and fuel over
the past several decades. However, many futurists suggest this condition will soon change and a wide range of scarcities will
result. Conditions in underdeveloped countries suggest one probable reaction to shortages in hoarding. In light of the predicted
shortages this paper (1) develops definition and conceptualization of what constitutes hoarding, and (2) examines the influence
hoarding activities have on channel decisions. An overriding purpose of the paper is to generate interest and research into
the topic before conditions necessitate that concern. 相似文献
110.
Keith O. Fuglie Witono Adiyoga Rini Asmunati Sukendra Mahalaya Rachman Suherman 《Agricultural Economics》2006,35(3):257-266
Seed is the one of the most costly components of potato production in developing countries. Since potato is a vegetatively reproduced crop, diseases such as viruses build up and yield declines as tubers are saved from one harvest for use as seed the next season. Replacing farm‐saved seed with clean seed is one means to increase yield, but information asymmetry between buyers and sellers on seed quality may restrict market supply of this input. In this article we develop a model of the seed market in which clean seed is treated as a capital good providing benefits over several seasons. To determine farm demand for clean seed, we conducted a survey of 182 potato farmers in the major potato growing areas of Indonesia to elicit their perceptions of seed quality from different sources, and derive farmers' “willingness‐to‐pay” for quality potato seed. Results indicate that the effects of information asymmetry on seed supply may be partially offset by the “reputation” of specialized seed producers. Nevertheless, marginal returns to disease‐free seed appear to significantly exceed marginal costs, indicating that improving supply of quality seed will contribute strongly to productivity growth in potato. We discuss several policy options to encourage supply and utilization of quality potato seed. 相似文献