提高政府公共服务能力的财政思考

党的十六届六中全会提出了社会和谐是中国特色社会主义的本质属性,而在构建和谐社会的过程中,赋予财政的任务是“健全公共财政体制,调整财政支出结构,把更多的财政资金投向公共服务领域”。本文将对政府公共服务的内涵与政府职能调整、公共服务的理念、财力保障及其提供方式等问题作一探讨。     

我国人民代表大会行使预算监督权的制度缺陷分析

各级人大的预算监督是预算监督体系中最为重要的一环,但多年以来由于诸多原因,人大的预算监督职能被严重弱化,其在预算监督体系中的主体地位无法体现,甚至有让位于其他监督形式的趋势,这不能不引起我们的重视。本文着重分析了阻碍人大充分发挥其职能的种种制度缺陷,以期对相关法律制度的健全有所帮助。     

农业产业化经营中的风险要素及其规避

成熟的农业产业化经营在很大的程度上弱化了农业风险。但作为一种尚不成熟的农业产业化经营,潜藏着各种经营风险,包括市场风险、技术风险、违约风险和自然风险。农业产业化经营风险具有客观性、多样性和隐含性,农业产业化经营主体应针对不同风险,采取不同措施,有效化解和规避风险。     

零售企业规模无边界的理论与实证分析--以沃尔玛为例

企业规模理论在企业战略联盟及企业网络化环境下受到质疑，学术界提出了企业无边界理论．零售企业尤其是沃尔玛的快速扩张又提出了另一种无边界理论。这是两种不同性质的无边界理论。就单个企业的边界来说．生产企业和流通企业存在本质的区别．生产企业的资产专用性和技术跳跃所带来的沉没成本制约了生产企业的规模扩张．而流通企业的资产通用性和技术稳定性使流通企业避免了威廉姆森的企业“复制和有选择性控制的不可能性”命题的局限。本文通过沃尔玛的规模扩张的案例．建立影响企业规模因素的模型并进行实证分析．提出了零售企业规模无边界的命题。     

Chinese Walls in German Banks*

Analysts in a bank’s research department cover firms that have no relationship with the bank as well as companies in which the bank has a strategic interest. Officially, banks must establish Chinese Walls around their research departments to allow the analysts to work independently and to avoid the flow of insider information. We examine analyst behavior under long-term bank-firm relationships using ownership data and analysts’ earnings per share forecasts for German companies from 1994 to 2001. We find evidence that is consistent with analysts reconciling their employers’ interests with their own career concerns. They seem to use their information advantage strategically by releasing favorable and thereby more precise reports when the market underestimates earnings. In order not to jeopardize the bank-client relationship, they suppress negative information when the market is too optimistic. Combining situations where the market over- and underestimates earnings, we can replicate the unconditional positive bias in analyst forecasts found in the previous literature. Despite the bias in affiliated analysts’ forecasts, they nonetheless selectively communicate valuable information to investors. *We gratefully acknowledge the contribution of I/B/E/S International Inc. for providing earnings per share forecast data. This data has been provided as part of a broad academic program to encourage earnings expectations research. We thankfully acknowledge financial support from the Austrian National Bank (OeNB) under the Jubil?umsfonds grant number 8523. We thank Werner Antweiler, Michael Halling, Helmut Elsinger, Evelyn Hayden, Greg Hebb, Cornelia Kullmann, Kai Li, Colin Mayer, Stefan Pichler, Duane Seppi, Alex Stomper, Neal Stoghton, Michael Stutzer, Suresh Sundaresan, Yishay Yafeh, Josef Zechner, Christine Zulehner, an anonymous referee, and seminar participants at UBC, the Northern Finance Association meetings, the Western Finance Association meetings, and the European Finance Association meetings for helpful comments and Eva Smolen for excellent research assistance.     

Optimal Security Design and Dynamic Capital Structure in a Continuous-Time Agency Model

We derive the optimal dynamic contract in a continuous‐time principal‐agent setting, and implement it with a capital structure (credit line, long‐term debt, and equity) over which the agent controls the payout policy. While the project's volatility and liquidation cost have little impact on the firm's total debt capacity, they increase the use of credit versus debt. Leverage is nonstationary, and declines with past profitability. The firm may hold a compensating cash balance while borrowing (at a higher rate) through the credit line. Surprisingly, the usual conflicts between debt and equity (asset substitution, strategic default) need not arise.     

我国煤炭输送方式经济性方面的研究工作

煤炭运输方式的经济性问题是制定能源产业政策的基本理论问题之一,为此回顾了我国五十年代以来的部分有关研究工作,对不同时期的部分研究实例从研究方法、技术方案和研究结论三个方面进行了对比分析,揭示了不同研究工作在基本原理方面的一致性和技术方案方面的差异性,以及由此造成的研究结论的异同。     

建设项目设计阶段的投资控制

针对近年来国内建设项目普遍存在“三超”现象，分析了造成严重投资失控问题的主要原因，指出在设计阶段进行投资控制对于全面控制建设项目总投资的重要性。研究了如何运用价值工程、推行优化设计、限额设计和标准设计等方法，达到在设计阶段有效地控制投资的目的。     

新形势下加强水利工程项目管理

针对目前水利工程项目的特点和管理状况，探讨了如何通过发展项目管理公司实现水利工程项目的专业管理，加强水利工程项目管理信息化和项目风险管理，来确保新形势下水利工程项目目标的实现。     

状态方程计算高分子共混物的比体积

基于一个简单的非均核链流体分子热力学模型,采用不同形式的微扰项,可构筑不同形式的高分子共混物系统的状态方程。方程已被应用于关联聚苯乙烯/聚2,6-二甲基苯醚(PS/PPO)、聚苯乙烯/聚乙烯甲醚(PS/PVME)、聚苯乙烯/聚丁二烯(PS/PBD)、聚醚砜/聚氧乙烯(PESP/PEO)等高分子共混物的比体积。结果显示,用一个与温度无关的二元相互作用可调参数可满意关联所选体系的比体积,并可预测所选体系的比体积。