中国节能服务产业发展协同激励路径优化对策

从系统形成与系统运行两阶段入手,分析了协同视域下中国节能服务产业发展系统失灵问题,进而提出了产业发展协同激励路径传导模型,从时间、方法、逻辑3个维度剖析了产业发展激励要素协同作用机理。针对中国节能服务产业激励政策文件的分析,从激励主体协同、激励措施协同、激励过程协同3个层面分析了节能服务产业发展激励路径内在问题及致因,由此提出了基于价值共创、组合优化、循环反馈的协同激励路径优化对策。     

Identification of technological structures using patent statistics

This paper studies the use of patent statistics in identifying four aspects of technological structure, namely, the potential knowledge pool, cumulativeness, inter-firm homogeneity in technology levels, and the scope of innovations. The firms are sampled from the chemical (CHEM), the computer (COM) and the electrical and electronic (EE) industries worldwide. Using the proxies defined, we find that (i) the contributions of intra-industry spillover are low, at 12%, 10%, and 9% for the three industries respectively; (ii) they can internalize 15%, 19% and 13% of their previous research efforts respectively; and (iii) a positive relationship between knowledge spillover and technology overlap, and between scope of innovation and number of patents being cited in future.     

From world factory to world investor: the new way of China integrating into the world

ABSTRACT

This paper argues that outward direct investment (ODI) is replacing international trade as the new way China integrates into the world. Based on two complementary datasets, we document the pattern of Chinese ODI. We argue that the rapid growth of China’s ODI is the result of strong economic development, increasing domestic constraints, and supportive government policies. Compared with trade integration, investment integration involves China more deeply in global business. As a new global investor, China’s ODI in the future is full of opportunities, risks, and challenges. The Chinese government should improve bureaucracy coordination and participate more in designing and maintaining international rules to protect ODI interests.     

明清诉讼中的“依法审判”

明清诉讼并不以律例为准据,“庶不与律例十分相背”一语,道出了律例仅仅作为一种宽泛的制约因素而存在。“律例规避”案和“非必然因果关系”案表明,对争讼各方利益的均衡考量才是诉讼的根本准据。正是情理、律例与利益平衡之间错综复杂的关系,才造成了“依法审判”的假象。在“依法审判”之争的背后,凸显的是我们对西方法律和诉讼模式的执着。实际上,确定性的保障并非只能靠“依法审判”一途,明清诉讼正是在对利益平衡的追求中实现自身诉讼和法律的确定性。     

简析家族式民营企业产权制度

家族式企业发展问题,是理论界、实践界都非常感兴趣和关注的问题。家族式企业和现代企业制度能否共存,家族式企业制度是否只能在企业成长初期存在,家族式企业管理模式是否必须摒弃?而建立现代公司制度要解决诸多问题,家族式民营企业的产权制度亟待创新。文章就家族式民营企业的产权制度缺陷及影响产权制度创新的因素提出几点创新思路供参考。     

Country terms of trade: trends,unit roots,over-differencing,endogeneity, time dummies,and heterogeneity

The debate about the Prebisch-Singer thesis has focused on primary commodities with some extensions to manufactures. We analyse trends in country terms-of-trade for goods and services rather than those for commodities according to the World Bank income classification. We find that the natural logarithm of the terms of trade for all groups except for the poorest has common unit roots, but none has individual unit roots. As low-income countries have no unit roots over-differencing is inefficient and biases significance levels in first differences against the fall in the terms of trade. For the low-income countries the terms of trade of goods and services are falling at a rate that is significantly negative without and with endogeneity treatment by system GMM. A comprehensive analysis of the effects of time dummies supports the result of falling terms of trade for low-income countries. When all coefficients are country-specific 50% of all low-income countries have falling terms of trade in a simultaneous equation estimation using the SUR method. Food and financial crisis have no effect on the number of countries with falling terms of trade, but (dis-)improve the terms of trade or the significance of the results for a very small number of countries.     

财经院校会计研讨式教学模式研究

由于互联网思维在新生代大学生中影响日益加深,学生思维方式不同且越来越灵活。经济全球化和一带一路的发展,会计行业的国际化也在日益加速。在新的形势下,会计教育便是摆脱传统教育模式,积极开展新的适合当前环境的新教学模式——研讨式小班化教学。但在教学的过程中也存在着对师资力量、硬件设施、学生素质等方面更高要求。本文在对教学小班化的现状和趋势的调查基础上,深入分析其所可能遇到的问题,并给出解决方案。     

An ecological economic simulation model for assessing fire and grazing management effects on mesquite rangelands in Texas

In the southern Great Plains of North America, fire exclusion has contributed to many rangelands converting from native grassland to woody shrublands dominated by mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr.) and cactus (Opuntia spp.), threatening ecosystem health and human livelihoods in the region. Prescribed fire is the least expensive method of treating mesquite and other undesirable plants, but its role is as a maintenance treatment to prolong the life of more expensive brush control treatments. Using a simulation model of a hypothetical 1000 ha ranch, we evaluate the biological and economic implications of management scenarios involving the regular application of summer fire to reduce mesquite and cactus over a 30-year time period. We compared the model output with experimental data to corroborate model output before evaluating various management scenarios over a range of stocking rates. Scenarios included (a) varying initial range condition, (b) different frequencies of summer burning, and (c) different initial amounts of mesquite brush. Model simulations corroborated field data sufficiently well to give confidence in the output of the model. In our simulations the option of not treating to reduce brush and cactus had a major negative impact on range condition, secondary productivity and profitability. In contrast, all simulated fire treatments improved range condition, productivity and profitability except when initial range condition was poor. Initial range condition and stocking rate were the major factors affecting both productivity and profitability. Compared to other factors over which managers have short-term control, frequency of burning and the initial amount of mesquite cover, had a relatively minor impact. Simulations indicated that the highest level of profit consistent with maintaining or improving range condition was attained when individual animal production was 92-95% that of the maximum production per animal, a situation invariably associated with relatively low stocking rates.     

Duopoly Competition with Corporate Social Responsibility

This paper highlights the effect of firms’ position on firms’ strategies with corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices under three different cases: Cournot competition; Stackelberg competition with the CSR firm taking the leader position and turnover, with the profit maximising (PM) firm playing as the leader. Some interesting conclusions are achieved. First, the CSR firm always produces more than the PM firm. Second, the outputs of both firms (the consumer surplus) under the PM firm's leading position are larger than those under Cournot. Third, the profits of both firms (producer surplus) under the PM firm playing the leading position are less than those under Cournot. Surprisingly, when the PM firm first moves, the PM firm's profits are the lowest while the CSR firm's outputs are the highest in all three cases. Finally, the relationship of social welfare under the three cases is ambiguous.