质量体系认证向2000版ISO／CD19001认证过渡初探

阐述建筑企业按照2000版ISOC/DI 9001标准的要求进行质量体系认证是发展的必然趋势,分析2000版ISO/CDI9001标准的结构,将它与1994版ISO9001标准进行比较,提出建筑企业质量体系认证如何向2000版ISO/CDl 9001标准认证顺利过渡,如何按照2000版ISO/CDl 9001标准的要求建立有效运转的质量体系的合理建议。     

Rationalizability and the savage axioms

Summary. Suppose there is a finite set of acts defined on a finite state space and a decision maker chooses an act from the set. In this setting, the subjective expected utility model is observationally indistinguishable from all models of preference that satisfy Savage's axiom P3. The result has implications also for rationalizability in strategic games. Received: September 18, 1998; revised version: January 29, 1999     

Risk assessment and profit sharing in business networks

Nowadays network is the preferred governance form to conduct economic transactions. Network solution allows to reach flexibility maintaining cost and quality level. Since network concept refers to a great variety of organizational hybrids it is possible to choose the one that fits better market requirements. The new trends in inter-organization relationships push towards network solutions: companies are interested in relationships with partners and customers to overcome resource dependence, to enter too risky market or simply differentiate their business portfolio. The proposed research focuses on the network concept aiming at highlighting threats and opportunities to investigate the double nature of the risk concept. Network structures offer flexibility and higher profit as a consequence and business risk sharing opportunity.These two aspects (profit and risk) are strictly related and have to be considered together to depict a complete scenario; this implies that risk assessment and management in network environment cannot neglect profit sharing or, in other words, that profit sharing mechanisms should use risk as driver. In this context our research proposes a methodology to measure risk taking into account network peculiarities; risk estimation is a basic step to evaluate the opportunity cost of capital needed to compute the network Net Present Value (NPV) that is assumed as base in the profit sharing process. The profit sharing process has been tackled using the Shapley value approach that is inspired to the fairness principle while the opportunity cost of capital is assessed using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM).     

Organizational Visibility,Stakeholder Environmental Pressure and Corporate Environmental Responsiveness in China

This article investigates the relationship between organizational visibility and corporate environmental responsiveness in China. It also examines whether this relationship is mediated by stakeholder pressure, and whether the strength of the relationships among organizational visibility, stakeholder pressures and corporate environmental responsiveness is moderated by the type of enterprise ownership. Based on the responses from a survey involving 131 enterprises, this study suggests a potentially positive and significant correlation between organizational visibility and corporate environmental responsiveness in China. However, the study reveals surprisingly that stakeholder pressure for environmental improvements does not seem to account for the above correlation. Organizational visibility is found to be negatively associated with stakeholder pressure in the case of Chinese‐owned enterprises, and stakeholder pressure has no significant associations with corporate environmental responsiveness. In addition, the moderating effect of enterprise ownership is strongly evidenced, which provides important policy implications for developing effective mechanisms to stimulate environmental management practices. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

Constructing stratifications for regions in China with sustainable development concerns

China??s economic boom has brought about environmental dark sides, i.e., serious air, water, and solid waste pollutions. As the largest developing countries in the world, China??s road toward economic-environmental balance is even complicated since there are various regions of diversified geographical and economic conditions. Using context-dependent-DEA (data envelopment analysis) as performance evaluating technique, this study constructs the regions?? benchmark-learning ladders for those inefficient regions to improve progressively; and to identify real benchmark for those efficient regions to rank ascendant by incorporating the stratification DEA method, attractiveness measure, and progress measure. Decision matrix covering attractiveness and progress scores is made to help the regions position themselves. Furthermore, we find that capital/employee ratio plays important role on forming levels of regions, which can be interpreted that advanced technology is one of key factors toward regional sustainable development.     

Quality as an autonomous body of knowledge. An in-depth survey on Italian higher education

The need of people skilled on quality topics is strongly increased in Italy, in the last 10 years, and new professional figures that are specialized in quality have been recently recognized by the Italian official classification of occupations. However, there seems to be a lack of empirical studies that analyse education about quality supplied by Italian universities and business schools. This paper shows the results of an exploratory survey on the education in quality offered by Italian universities. The research was conducted on a reasoned sample of Italian universities, selected on the basis of the number of students enrolled and the number of supplied degree courses, in the academic year 2005/2006. Thanks to the findings of the survey it is possible to know what (what subjects related to quality concepts and tools are taught), where (within which degree programs they are taught), and when (at which degree level they are taught) Italian higher education is devoted to quality.     

重塑“中国模式”

近年来,中国经济备受金融—债务风险的困扰,国内外一些舆论所塑造的决策导向是单纯地依靠紧缩来消除风险,同时单纯地依靠释放市场的活力来维持可接受的经济增长速度。从长期视角看,自20世纪90年代末期以来,中国经济其实呈现出走向黄金时代模式的趋势,表现为产出和生产率、消费和投资、就业和工资都是快速增长,在体制上则表现为国家主导的发展模式。这种趋势能否持续,快速经济增长能否得以维持,甚至于金融—债务风险能否消除,取决于政府的决策导向,归根究底取决于整体的经济结构动态和社会—政治体制安排,也就是取决于重塑中国模式。     

Foreign direct investment and economic performance in transition economies: evidence from China

Based upon a production function with FDI representing updated technology from more developed, market‐based economies, this study tests the hypothesis that FDI contributes to the economic growth of less developed, transition economies via technology updating, using data for 30 Chinese provinces from 1985 to 2000. It is found that provinces with a higher FDI ratio experienced faster technology updating and more rapid economic growth. The study suggests that less developed, transition economies should encourage FDI from more developed, market‐based economies so as to accelerate technology updating and economic growth.     

The Individual Poverty Incidence of Growth

The canonical approach to analyse the poverty impact of growth is based on the comparison of poverty before and after growth. Measurement tools endorsing this approach fail to capture the different experiences of poverty dynamic in the population: there can be groups of the population made poorer or non‐poor made poor by growth. We propose an approach that allows measuring this individual poverty incidence of growth and show how it is related with existing models. We apply our framework to evaluate the poverty impact of growth in Indonesia, by comparing the 1993–2000 with the 2000–07 and 2007–14 growth spells.     

Transaction Costs,Option Prices,and Model Risk in Fair Value Accounting

This paper examines the reliability of option fair value estimates in the presence of transaction costs. The Black Scholes Merton (BSM) framework assumes zero transaction costs and thus might not provide a reasonable approximation in this context. We investigate the model adjustments companies make to their BSM models to deal with these transaction costs. We specifically examine Employee Stock Option (ESO) plans listed on the French stock exchange, as detailed disclosure on modeling is available for these ESOs. Our analysis questions the reliability of these model adjustments, especially their bias and the extent to which they provide a faithful representation of option fair values. Holding parameter values constant, we find that the model adjustments lead to a median understatement of 52% compared to the BSM model price, higher than the discount we observe for the opportunistic determination of model parameters (below 20%). The paper contributes to the fair value literature by highlighting model risk in the fair valuation of options. This model risk stems from assumptions made about the size of transaction costs and complements the notion of parameter risk analyzed in previous literature. As a result, the model itself might be a possible channel for fair value management.