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91.
92.
The present paper addresses the issue of the determinants of the growth of multinational banks upon foreign markets at a micro individual level. Theories and approaches suggested so far about globalisation of the banking sector basically relate banks' international growth to the theory of the multinational enterprise. Accordingly, this paper relies on the eclectic paradigm, which views the foreign direct investment decision to be a combination of ownership, internalisation and location advantages. Empirical evidence is provided through an econometric model based on count data techniques, with reference to the Italian case in the decade 1989–1999. Results show that the availability of resources and international experience already gathered by the parent banks have positive effects on their decision to undertake direct investments abroad. Multinational banks are also proved to grow internationally in order to internalise their pre-existing bank–client relationships, and to locate their foreign units where they can exploit positive externalities related to the presence of important international financial centres. 相似文献
93.
A Dynamic Model for International Environmental Agreements 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
In this paper we develop a model that uses a dynamic framework to analyze the process through which countries join international
environmental agreements (IEAs). In the model, while all countries suffer from the same environmental damage as a result of
total global emissions, non-signatory countries decide on their emission levels by maximizing their own welfare, whereas signatory
countries decide on their emission levels by maximizing the aggregate welfare of all signatory countries. It is assumed that
signatory countries will be able to punish non-signatories, at some cost to themselves. When countries decide on their pollution
emissions, they account for the evolution of the stock of pollution over time. Moreover, we propose a mechanism to describe
how countries reach a stable IEA. The model is able to capture situations characterized by partial cooperation within an IEA
that is stable over time. It also captures situations where all countries participate in a stable agreement, and situations
where no stable agreement is feasible. Where more than one possibility coexist, the long-term outcome of the game depends
on the initial conditions (i.e., the initial number of signatory countries and pollution level). 相似文献
94.
95.
The German Government refused to accept the development of a European Deposit Insurance Scheme (EDIS) for Banking Union member states. Publicly, the German Government was preoccupied with the creation of a moral hazard that common funds would create for banks in those participating countries that had weak banking systems. This paper argues that to understand German moral hazard concerns it is necessary to look beyond the ideational – notably concerns stemming from German Ordo-liberalism – and focus on the existing national institutional arrangements that the German Government sought to protect. German moral hazard concerns stemmed from the fear that well-funded German deposit guarantee schemes (DGS) – especially those of small savings and cooperative banks – could be tapped to compensate for underfunded (and largely ex post funded) DGS in other member states. We thus demonstrate that the difficulties facing the construction of an EDIS owe to the weakness of the previously agreed harmonization of national DGS. This failure to harmonize schemes beyond a low minimal standard can be explained through an analysis focused on national systems. Different existing national DGS stem from the different configuration of national banking systems, the longstanding relationships among national banks and well-entrenched regulatory frameworks. 相似文献
96.
Miłosz Kadziński Lucia Rocchi Grzegorz Miebs David Grohmann Maria Elena Menconi Luisa Paolotti 《Group Decision and Negotiation》2018,27(1):33-59
We present a group decision making framework for evaluating sustainability of the insulating materials. We tested thirteen materials on a model that was applied to retrofit a traditional rural building through roof’s insulation. To evaluate the materials from the socio-economic and environmental viewpoints, we combined life cycle costing and assessment with an adaptive comfort evaluation. In this way, the performances of each coating material were measured in terms of an incurred reduction of costs and consumption of resources, maintenance of the cultural and historic significance of buildings, and a guaranteed indoor thermal comfort. The comprehensive assessment of the materials involved their assignment to one of the three preference-ordered sustainability classes. For this purpose, we used a multiple criteria decision analysis approach that accounted for preferences of a few tens of rural buildings’ owners. The proposed methodological framework incorporated an outranking-based preference model to compare the insulating materials with the characteristic class profiles while using the weights derived from the revised Simos procedure. The initial sorting recommendation for each material was validated against the outcomes of robustness analysis that combined the preferences of individual stakeholders either at the output or at the input level. The analysis revealed that the most favorable materials in terms of their overall sustainability were glass wool, hemp fibres, kenaf fibres, polystyrene foam, polyurethane, and rock wool. 相似文献
97.
Lucia Quaglia 《New Political Economy》2017,22(5):595-609
The development of post-crisis international standards for resolving financial institutions highlights an intriguing puzzle: the European Union (EU), which is often considered as a ‘great financial power’, had a marginal influence in the standard-setting process, which was led by the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK). Why? This paper brings together and further develops the concepts of cross-border externalities derived from the hierarchical network structure of the international financial system and domestic regulatory capacity. The US and the UK had the incentives (externalities) to promote and the domestic capacity to shape international standards. By contrast, the EU was mainly exposed to regional (intra-EU) cross-border externalities and lacked regulatory capacity on the matter. Paradoxically, international standards contributed to developing EU resolution capacity by facilitating an agreement on EU (and later on, euro area) rules. 相似文献
98.
Lucia Quaglia 《Constitutional Political Economy》2003,14(3):235-251
This work discusses the constitutionalization of rules in macroeconomic policy-making in the European Union (EU) with reference to European monetary integration. The analysis deals with two main monetary arrangements, the European Monetary System (EMS) and the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), and focuses on one country - Italy. Using an interdisciplinary perspective and a constitutional political economy approach, three sets of factors are identified to explain how and why policy-makers may decide to self-limit their sovereignty in monetary and fiscal policies, as they have done in the process of European monetary integration. It is argued that such factors influenced the dynamics and evolution of the European monetary arrangements, shaping the path to EMU. 相似文献
99.
The Effects of Ownership and Governance on SMEs’ International Knowledge-based Resources 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in today’s global economy. However, there are significant
differences in how they respond to the opportunities and threats in international markets. This study␣suggests SMEs’ ownership
and governance systems significantly influence the development of knowledge-based resources necessary for internationalization.
Using a sample of 384 US SMEs, we find a positive relationship between both the equity held by top management team members
and venture capitalists and the development of these important resources. This positive association is further accentuated
by the presence of independent outside directors on SMEs’ boards, supporting their monitoring and enterprising roles.
相似文献
100.
Stefanella Stranieri Lucia Baldi Alessandro Banterle 《Journal of Agricultural Economics》2010,61(1):15-33
EU Regulation 1924/2006 introduced a European legal framework for nutrition messages for food product labels. The study analyses consumer interest towards nutrition labelling and claims, and examines the information consumers consider important during their purchasing decisions, and the main characteristics of those consumers interested in nutrition claims and nutrition labelling use. A total of 1,025 northern Italian consumers were surveyed. We estimate one binary logit model to investigate the use of nutrition labelling, and seven other ordinal regression models to analyse consumer interest towards nutrition claims and labelling. Consumers who use nutrition labelling have characteristics different from those who use nutrition claims. Consumers using nutrition labelling show a marked interest in food safety concerns, use experts as their source of information and have specific dietary habits. For consumers concerned about nutrition claims, the survey shows significant links with attributes influencing purchasing behaviour, such as price, brand, certification, etc. Socio‐demographic characteristics are statistically significant and show a positive link with age, gender and a negative linkage with income. 相似文献