Explaining intercity home price differences

This paper develops and tests an equilibrium model seeking to explain intercity variation in owner-occupied housing prices. Empirical tests with a reduced form equation using aggregated 1980 data on 94 SMSAs suggest explanation for 84% of this intercity home price variation. Intercity housing demand, based upon homeowner quality of life equilibrium, is successfully represented by the non-monetary income determinant of climate mildness in addition to several monetary income determinants that reflect household residual after-tax real income. Intercity housing supply was found to be influenced by intercity variation in construction costs and limitations upon the available supply of undeveloped urban land.     

Rural Economic Change and Labour Mobility: A Case Study From West Java

The paper uses data from six West Java villages which were surveyed in 1976 and again in 1983 to examine the impact of temporary migration, mainly to urban areas, on the rural economy. It finds that despite substantial increases in rice production in the region in the years under discussion, a large proportion of the extra employment opportunities were in non-agricultural occupations in urban areas. Households from all socio-economic strata appear to have benefited from these employment opportunities However much of the employment was seasonal in nature and most migrants returned to the village to take up agricultural employment at peak periods.     

Methodological Issues in Measuring Crowding-Related Norms in Outdoor Recreation

Based on theoretical and methodological similarities between research on recreationrelated norms and contingent valuation, three methodological issues--question format, starting point bias, and information bias--are explored as they apply to measuring crowding-related norms of visitors to two national parks. Few statistically or substantively significant differences in crowding-related norms were found to be associated with these methodological issues. Study findings suggest that measures of crowding-related norms may be relatively "robust,"and this may add weight to the "validity" of the theory and methods associated with crowding-related norms in outdoor recreation.     

Something in the way she moves: a fresh look at an old gap

In this paper, we propose a new decomposition as a useful complementto traditional methods of explaining the gender pay gap andthe pay gap between full-time and part-time women. We decomposeaverage earnings into the contribution of the average startingwage for workers entering paid work from non-employment, averagewage growth for those in continuous employment, and the fractionof workers entering employment. We use this to inform discussionof the pay gap, first, between men and women and, second, betweenfull-time and part-time women. Comparing men and women usingdata drawn from the British Household Panel Survey, we findno significant differences in wage growth whilst in continuousemployment: the source of the gender pay gap comes from theentrant pay gap and the share of entrants. The study of longer-runchanges leads us to expect a modest further narrowing of thisgap. Comparisons of full- and part-time women indicate no differencein entry pay shares and little difference in wage growth. Thebulk of the full- to part-time gap is explained in terms ofthe fact that women working part-time are much more likely tobe entrants to the labour market.     

The Use of Input-Output Analysis in Evaluating Water Resource Development

This paper describes an analytical model for studying the demand for water resource development. The final version of the model used the rectangular input-output format, which is readily convertible to a linear programming form. The rectangular model differs from the traditional square model by distinguishing between commodities and the industries producing them and not requiring a one-to-one coreespondence between them. The traditional establishment basis for classifying industries and transactions does not permit an accurate determination of the impacts of changes in final demands. The use of commodity-technology input data largely overcomes this problem. The use of dummy commodities and industries is an accounting convenience which can cause difficulties in impact and linear programming analyses. The analytical problems can be avoided by re-allocating the inputs of dummy industries to the users of dummy commodities. Cette étude d'ecril un modele analytique afin d'étudier la demande de développement des ressources d'eau. La version finale du modele utilisail le format reclangulaire de donnees-sorties celui-ci étant aisément convertible en uneforme deprogrammalion lineaire. Le modele reclangulaire differe du modele carr'e traditionnel. en faisant la difference entre les produits et les industries les produisant. et en ne reclamant pas de relation exacte el equitable entre ceux-ci. La base traditionnele etablie, afin de classifier les industries et les transactions. ne permel pas de determination precise des impacts des contrbles finaux. L'usage des donnees de production, des produits et de la technologie. surmonle grandement le probfeme. L'usage de produits el d'industries fact ices est une commodite de compatabilite qui peul causer des difficultés dans Vimpact et les analyses à programme lineaire. Les probtemes analytiques peuvent étre évités en redistribuant les productions des industries factices aux utilisateurs des produits factices.