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21.
Although evidence of a link between socioeconomic status and child health has been researched extensively, much less attention
has been devoted to studying the link between child health and cognitive development. This paper seeks to determine whether
early childhood illnesses and poverty significantly impede cognitive development. The empirical model attempts to control
for observed and unobserved heterogeneity through the use of panel data models. Results indicate that a child’s cognitive
development is not directly related to health problems acquired after birth or socioeconomic standing. Rather, cognitive development
is primarily influenced by unobserved child- and family-specific factors that happen to be correlated with health and socioeconomic
status. On the other hand, birth weight appears to affect cognitive performance later in childhood, even after taking unobserved
heterogeneity into account. 相似文献
22.
23.
Mit dem Bilanzrechtsmodernisierungsgesetz wollte der Gesetzgeber unter anderem eine im Verh?ltnis zu den IFRS gleichwertige,
d. h. ebenso entscheidungsnützliche, aber einfachere und kostengünstigere Alternative bieten. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen,
wurden verschiedene Wahlrechte gestrichen, Bilanzierungsverbote aufgehoben und Bilanzierungsmethoden ver?ndert. Aus Sicht
der Abschlusspolitik wurden damit einerseits explizite Wahlrechte verringert und andererseits implizite Wahlrechte geschaffen.
Zudem bergen auch die übergangsvorschriften abschlusspolitisches Potenzial. Nach einer Einordnung der Abschlusspolitik und
der Herausarbeitung der konkreten Potenziale werden die Konsequenzen in Bezug auf die Entscheidungsnützlichkeit diskutiert
und die m?glichen Auswirkungen der ge?nderten Rechnungslegungsnormen am Beispiel der Bilanzierung von Pensionsverpflichtungen
deutscher IFRS-Anwender empirisch belegt. 相似文献
24.
We use data from the 2006 round of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey to describe perceptions of the Russian population about the transition process and the role of the state compared with that of free markets. We find that about one‐half of the Russian population is disappointed with transition and a large majority is in favour of high state regulation and state provision of goods and services. High demand for government regulation and increased state intervention coexists with a low level of trust in government institutions and recognition of high and rising levels of corruption. The findings are consistent with the theory developed by Aghion et al. (2009) . In an environment with poor social capital, private business imposes negative externalities on the society and society chooses to demand more state regulation and tolerate corruption to reduce these externalities. We also find that individual perceptions of social capital and corruption co‐vary with the demand for regulation, as predicted by the theory. 相似文献
25.
Taylor (1992) argues that accounting policy choices in any year are not assessed independently of policy choices adopted in previous years. This independence assumption is a maintained hypothesis of Anderson and Zimmer (1992). Although Taylor acknowledges that our results remain robust to his suggested adjustments for non-independence, we argue in this reply that such adjustments are unnecessary because temporal independence of accounting policy choices is consistent with the implications of costly contracting between the firm and its claimholders. We develop the arguments that (1) accounting choices are temporally independent and our research design is therefore, appropriate (2) to the extent that there is an independence problem of the type proposed by Taylor (1992) it also applies to cross-sectional studies of accounting policy choice. 相似文献
26.
Malik M 《Benefits quarterly》2004,20(4):48-56
A number of western industrialized nations have found themselves in a similar position to the United States today: an aging population leading to increasing, and perhaps unsustainable, expenditures on a traditional social security system. This article examines the risks that individuals face in retirement, describes the role of annuities in addressing those risks and examines why annuitization rates are so low. It then reviews the pension structures in the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand--countries with similar governmental and economic structures to those of the United States--and describes how these have impacted those countries' annuitization rates. 相似文献
27.
Erik Gawel Bernd Hansjürgens Markus Groth Martin Faulstich Karin Holm-Müller Oliver Kopp Sebastian Schröer Hans-Jochen Luhmann 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2013,93(5):283-306
The German energy transition represents a policy-driven, sustainability-oriented restructuring of both supply- and demand-side components of the entire energy system by 2050. Whereas the development of renewable energies in the electricity sector is right on track, due to the feed-in tariffs of the German Renewable Energy Sources Act, many other crucial requirements for a successful transition are not, amongst others the improvement of energy effi ciency and the decarbonisation of the transport sector. Contrary to the public discussion, the primary future challenges do not consist in limiting electricity prices or abandoning feed-in support schemes, but rather in coordinating the variety of actors as well as appropriately matching the different system elements (grids, technologies, energy sectors, demand and supply side, etc.). Much remains to be done. By highlighting some examples like the need to take into account future implications of climate change for the energy sector, the consequences of the current crisis in the European Union’s emissions trading scheme and the need for a cautious adjustment of the EEG, the paper argues that the major challenges regarding the German energy transition mainly go beyond the current policy-driven and short-term discussion of energy prices. Germany’s pioneering attempt to integrate steadily increasing share of non-dispatchable electricity from renewable sources is challenging the stability of the system. Several characteristics in the current selfregulating system are identifi ed and analysed, which reveal themselves as potential weaknesses or shortcomings in the upcoming system. 相似文献
28.
This paper explores empirically how the adoption of IMF programs affects sovereign risk over the medium term. We find that IMF programs significantly increase the probability of subsequent sovereign defaults by approximately 1.5–2 percentage points. These results cannot be attributed to endogeneity bias as they are supported by specifications that explain sovereign defaults and program participation simultaneously. Furthermore, IMF programs turn out to be especially detrimental to fiscal solvency when the Fund distributes its resources to countries whose economic fundamentals are already weak. Our evidence is therefore consistent with the hypothesis that debtor moral hazard is most likely to occur in these circumstances. Other explanations that point to the effects of debt dilution and the possibility of IMF triggered debt runs, however, are also possible. 相似文献
29.
Markus Gerhard 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2018,98(11):814-820
Currently, there is no comprehensive legal framework at EU level to screen foreign direct investments (FDI) into the EU. In September 2017, the European Commission proposed a framework for screening foreign direct investments into the European Union. The reform will likely come into force at the end of 2018. This paper describes the political background and key concepts of the FDI screening framework and analyses potential economic effects of the new regulation. 相似文献
30.