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811.
812.
Maw-Der Foo 《Small Business Economics》2011,36(1):33-46
Team researchers have found that the diversity to effectiveness ratings are mediated by team conflict. Using a sample of 73
teams developing their business ideas, I found direct effects of diversity and conflict on member-rated team effectiveness.
Here, I explain how the circumstances under which these teams operate can lead to these findings. For these teams, task conflict
was found to relate negatively to member-rated team effectiveness. This finding contrasts with research on organizational
teams, where task conflict usually relates positively to team effectiveness ratings. I also found that both diversity and
average member experience influence member-rated effectiveness. These findings imply that diversity, conflict, and ratings
of team effectiveness may differ for teams developing business ideas as compared to organizational teams. Thus, findings from
organizational team research should be applied with caution to teams developing business ideas and possibly to new venture
teams in general. 相似文献
813.
Cheolho Yoon 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,100(3):405-417
Since digital piracy has posed a significant threat to the development of the software industry and the growth of the digital
media industry, it has, for the last decade, held considerable interest for researchers and practitioners. This article will
propose an integrated model that combines the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and ethics theory, the two theories that are
most often used in digital piracy studies. Data were obtained from university students in China, and the model was examined
using the structural equation model (SEM). The results show that moral obligation and justice, derived from ethics theories
and TPB variables, such as attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, influence the behavioral intentions
of individuals to commit digital piracy. The attitude of individuals toward digital piracy is also found to be influenced
by perceived benefits, perceived risk, and habit. 相似文献
814.
Despite the impressive development of substantive theories in entrepreneurship, without the development of measurement theories,
further advancement of the field is problematic. In particular, the notion of opportunities, central to entrepreneurship research,
requires adequate macro-level operationalization. We demonstrate how to employ data envelopment analysis (DEA) to operationalize
not only innovative opportunities, but also technological arbitrage opportunities. We provide an illustrative example based
on a sample of 66 countries during the period of 1993–2002. We include estimates of innovative and arbitrage opportunities
for possible use by other scholars, discuss the promise and limitations of such estimates, demonstrate how both innovative
and arbitrage opportunities correlate with the rates of entrepreneurial activity, and suggest several possible directions
for future research. 相似文献
815.
816.
We examine whether firms and their employees benefit from age and educational diversity. At the plant level we explain productivity
with workforce characteristics. Age diversity is positively and educational diversity negatively related to total factor productivity.
These conclusions are robust to using alternative estimators (fixed effects, GMM, and Olley-Pakes approach). Individual gains
are evaluated by estimating earnings equations with job match fixed effects. The explanatory variables include individual
demographic variables, plant-level workforce characteristics and variables that describe the individuals’ relative position
in the age, education, and gender structure of the plant. Plant-level diversity does not have a significant effect on individual
wages. However, being different from others in terms of age, i.e. relational demography, is positively related to wage. 相似文献
817.
818.
This study examined the emergence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a public issue over 25 years using a content
analysis of two national news- papers and seven regional, geographically-dispersed newspapers in the U.S. The present study
adopted a comprehensive definition encompassing all four CSR dimensions: economic, ethical, legal, and philanthropic. This
study examined newspaper editorials, letters to the editor, op-ed columns, news analyses, and guest columns for three aspects:
media attention, media prominence, and media valence. Results showed an increase in the number of opinion pieces covering
CSR issues over the 25-year period. The prominence of each of the four CSR dimensions varied over time. Each of the four CSR
dimensions had its moment of media prominence when it was more important than the other dimensions. The most prevalent valence
of the opinion pieces was negative; the volume of negative pieces increased over the 25 years, whereas the number of opinions
with positive, neutral, and mixed tones showed little change over time. The study concludes by tracing the implications of
the role of the news media for business ethics research. 相似文献
819.
Annukka Berg 《Journal of Consumer Policy》2011,34(1):9-23
The profusion of knowledge about the complexity of promoting sustainable consumption has led to calls to address the issue
in a cross-cutting manner. This article discusses pioneering national sustainable consumption and production (SCP) programmes
as tools for informed decision making. The analysis is based on a theory of three organizing principles for SCP policy: (1)
deliberation, (2) efficiency and (3) sufficiency. These organizing principles protect and enact particular values and can
be promoted in either a weak or strong manner. A comparison of three SCP programmes from Finland, Sweden, and the UK shows
that different programmes emphasize somewhat different principles: programmes in the UK and Finland emphasize the efficiency
principle, whereas the Swedish programme places considerable emphasis on promoting sufficiency, as well. Meanwhile, deliberation
is well presented in all the programmes, but the countries apply it somewhat differently. On the whole, government commitment
to the programmes is limited, and clear targets, timetables, and resources are mentioned only occasionally. Thus, rather than
being credible roadmaps towards SCP, the pioneering programmes take the form of mixed toolboxes. The programmes contain many
innovative and potentially effective proposals, but in responding to the challenges acknowledged in the programme documents,
individual actors must bear heavy responsibilities. From this perspective, the pioneering SCP programmes also provide false
reassurance and a means to outsource the promotion of SCP to non-government actors. 相似文献
820.
In recent years, knowledge management has been utilized as an essential strategy to foster the creation of organizational
intellectual capital. Organizational intellectual capital can be derived both individually and collectively in the process
to create, store, share, acquire, and apply personal and organizational knowledge. However, some organizations only focus
on the development of public good, despite the concerns arising from individuals’ self-interest or possible risks. The different
concern of individual and collective perspectives toward knowledge management inevitably leads to ethical conflicts and ethical
culture in the organization (Jarvenpaa et al., J Manage Inf Syst 14(4):29–64, 1998; Ruppel and Harrington, IEEE Trans Prof Commun 44(1):37–52, 2000). The purpose of this study is to examine the ethical climate within the organization and its possible influence on members’
evaluation, satisfaction, engagement, and job performance with respect to knowledge management practice. The research results
reveal that several types of organizational ethical climate coexist in the organization and have different degrees of influence
on employees’ attitude as well as participation in knowledge management activities. In this article, we argue the importance
of organizational ethical climate and highlight the implications of such a climate for facilitating knowledge management. 相似文献