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911.
912.
Using survey data of around 10,000 households from 10 OECD countries, we identify the driving factors of household adoption
of water-efficient equipment by estimating Probit models of a household’s probability to invest in such equipment. The results
indicate that environmental attitudes and ownership status are strong predictors of adoption of water-efficient equipment.
In terms of policy, we find that households that were both metered and charged for their water individually had a much higher
probability to invest in water-efficient equipment compared to households that paid a flat fee. 相似文献
913.
We estimate standard production functions with a new cross-country data set on business sector production, wages and R&D investment
for a selection of 14 OECD countries including the US. The data sample covers years the 1960–2004. The data suggest that growth
differences can largely be explained by capital deepening and the ability to produce new technology in the form of new patents.
We also find strong evidence of complementarity between patents and openness of the economy, but little evidence of increasing
elasticity of substitution over time. 相似文献
914.
Basak Bayramoglu 《Journal of Regulatory Economics》2010,37(2):180-195
In this paper, we investigate how the design of international environmental agreements (IEAs) affects the incentives for the
private sector to invest in environmentally-friendly technology. The givens are a transboundary pollution problem involving
two asymmetric countries in terms of benefits arising from global abatement. There is a single polluting firm in each country.
We account for two types of IEAs: an agreement based on a uniform standard with transfers and an agreement based on differentiated
standards without transfers. To carry out this study, we use a two-stage game where the private sector anticipates its irreversible
investment given the expected level of abatement standards resulting from future negotiations. Our findings indicate that
the implementation of the agreement based on a uniform standard with transfers may be preferable for the two countries, as
it creates greater incentives for firms to invest in costly abatement technology. This result arises when this technology’s
level of the sunk cost of investment is low. If this level is sufficiently high, the implementation of the same agreement
is not beneficial to countries, because it takes away the incentive of each firm to invest in new abatement technology. Moreover,
this agreement is not able to generate any positive gains for either country through cooperation, thus no country is motivated
to cooperate. 相似文献
915.
Andrés Leal Julio López-Laborda Fernando Rodrigo 《International Advances in Economic Research》2010,16(2):135-148
The aim of this paper is to undertake a review of the most important literature on the phenomenon of fiscally induced cross-border shopping. Following the presentation of the principal theoretical models, the study concentrates on applied literature. Firstly, the elements common to the diverse applications are described, and then, a detailed analysis of the research undertaken into cross-border shopping for alcoholic drinks, tobacco, fuel, and lotteries is provided, concluding with a reference to the interaction between cross-border purchases and those effected over the internet. The results achieved by the empirical research coincide and support the principal result of the theoretical literature: the tax differentials between neighboring territories induce consumers to purchase in the territory where taxation is lower, on the condition that the tax saving compensates for the transport costs associated with the travel made by the purchaser in order to take advantage of the lower taxation. 相似文献
916.
Gianluigi Guido M. Irene Prete Alessandro M. Peluso R. Christian Maloumby-Baka Carolina Buffa 《International Review of Economics》2010,57(1):79-102
The aim of the present study is to examine the role of ethical dimensions and product personality in the purchasing intention of organic food products. The Prospect method (Caprara et al. in Test Psicomet Metodol 7(3–4):113–128, 2000), which integrates the Five factors model of personality (cf. Digman in Annu Rev Psychol 41(1):417–440, 1990) and the Theory of planned behavior (Ajzen in Organ Behav Hum Decis Process, 50(2):179–211, 1991) extended to an ethical dimension, was employed, by using a Structural Equation Modeling approach. Results showed that moral norms—i.e., personal beliefs regarding what is right or wrong (Parker et al. in Br J Soc Psychol, 34(2):127–137, 1995)—can be considered the main motivator of purchasing intention, and they are, in turn, affected by subjective norms and product personality traits of Naturalness and Authenticity. Marketing implications for firms operating in the organic food industry are discussed, in their intent to shift from a “niche” market to a broader diffusion of these products. 相似文献
917.
The awarding of the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2004 to Finn Kydland and Edward Prescott represents an opportunity to evaluate
their contributions in light of Austrian economics. We lay out the basics of their contributions—the general equilibrium approach
to economic fluctuations and the game theoretic approach to policy—and argue that they have tenets similar to those of Austrianism.
We argue that their methodology parallels Austrian methodology in several significant ways that have gone unnoticed. We conclude
that Kydland and Prescott’s Nobel Prize suggests Austrian approaches can have a more prominent impact than they have had in
the past. 相似文献
918.
Huayi Yu 《Frontiers of Economics in China》2010,5(1):25-51
Many theory and empirical literature conclude that house price can reflect economic fundamentals in the long-term. However,
by using China’s panel data of 35 main cities stretching from 1998 to 2007, we find that there is no stable relationship between
house price and economic fundamentals. House price has deviated upward from the economic fundamentals since government started
macro-control of the real estate market. We consider that the mechanism between the house price and economic fundamentals
is distorted by China’s real estate policy, especially its land policy. Meanwhile the policy itself is an important factor
in explaining the changes of China’s house price. Then we estimate the dynamic panel data model on house price and the variables
which are controlled by real estate policy. The result shows: land supply has negative effects on house price; financial mortgages
for real estate have positive effects on house price; and the area of housing sold and the area of vacant housing, which reflects
the supply and demand of the housing market, has negative effects on house price. We also find some differences in house price
influence factor between eastern and mid-western cities. Finally, we propose policy suggestions according to the empirical
results. 相似文献
919.
To study the house price dynamics in China, this paper extends the traditional life-cycle model by incorporating land supply, regime shifts and government regulation factors. The models are estimated with an error correction framework using quarterly data from 2000 to 2007 in Beijing. The conclusions are as follows. (1) There exits a stable co-integration relationship between house price and fundamentals; land supply and financial regimes are also important determinants of long-run equilibrium house prices. (2) Short-run dynamics depend on changes of fundamentals and the adjustment process of housing market. Land supply has a significant impact on house price fluctuations while demand factors such as user costs, income and residential mortgage loan have greater influences. The adjustment speed of real house prices to the long-run equilibrium has been reduced significantly since 2005 which means exogenous shocks can cause prolonged deviation of real house prices from the equilibrium level. 相似文献
920.
Meng Li 《Frontiers of Economics in China》2010,5(1):96-113
As Chinese economy system has been depended more on the import of petroleum with the development of China, the change in the
price of international oil have caused concern among economists and policy makers. This paper is to present a financial Computable
General Equilibrium (CGE) model of the Chinese economy which integrates real economy and financial sectors, and to apply it
to quantitatively evaluate the impacts on Chinese economy caused by international oil price changes. And the model endogenously
determines the exchange rate, covering fixed, partially flexible, and completely flexile exchange rate system to consider
the effect of foreign oil price changes from the point of view of macro and industrial aspects. Finally, this paper presents
concluding remarks. 相似文献