SA8000国际标准及其对我国外贸发展的影响

很多跨国公司用SA8000作为选择供应商的标准,我国外贸企业面临严峻挑战.本文就SA800O对我国外贸发展以及企业获取长期竞争优势的影响等问题进行了初步的分析.     

建筑节能设计标准与节能量估算

介绍我国建筑节能标准的建立和主要内容,分析了标准对围护结构、生活方式和设备系统的规定。根据这三方面的标准规定与实际情况的比对,文章解读了标准中节能百分比的概念及其适用条件,并分析如何正确理解建筑节能百分比与实际节能量的关系。文章提出,在使用建筑节能设计标准估算节能量时,需要明确100%基准值的内容,明确节能百分比的成立条件。如果错误使用节能百分比,往往导致对新建或改造建筑的实际节能贡献的估计出现偏差。     

Europe’s Search for Superstar Firms: The Puzzle of European Champions

Intereconomics - Europe appears to be on a quest for so-called ‘European champions’. These firms have become a symbol and measure for European competitiveness. To date, we know little...     

All grown up? The fate after 15 years of a quarter of a million UK firms born in 1998

The theory of firm growth is in a rather unsatisfactory state. However, the analysis of large firm-level datasets which have become available in recent years allows us to begin building an evidence base which can, in turn, be used to underpin the development of more satisfactory theory. Here we study the 239 thousand UK private sector firms born in 1998 over their first 15 years of life. A first, and quite striking, finding is the extraordinary force of mortality. By age 15, 90% of the UK firms born in 1998 are dead, and, for those surviving to age 15, the hazard of death is still about 10% a year. The chance of death is related to the size and growth of firms in an interesting way. Whilst the hazard rate after 15 years is largely independent of size at birth, it is strongly affected by the current (age 14) size. In particular, firms with more than five employees are half as likely to die in the next year as firms with less than five employees. A second important finding is that most firms, even those which survive to age 15, do not grow very much. By age 15 more than half the 26,000 survivors still have less than five jobs. In other words, the growth paths – what we call the ‘growth trajectories’ – of most of the 26,000 survivors are pretty flat. However, of the firms that do grow, firms born smaller grow faster than those born larger. Another striking finding is that growth is heavily concentrated in the first five years. Whilst growth does continue, even up to age 15, each year after age five it involves only a relatively small proportion of firms. Finally, there are two groups of survivors which contribute importantly to job creation. Some are those born relatively large (with more than 20 jobs) although their growth rate is quite modest. More striking though, is a very small group of firms born very small with less than five jobs (about 5% of all survivors) which contribute a substantial proportion (more than one third) of the jobs added to the cohort total by age 15.     

Notes and Communications

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Notes and Communications