Diffusion and management of electronic data interchange: barriers and qpportunities in the uk pharmaceutical and healthciare industries

This paper is based on evidence from a survey, conducted during 1992, investigating the adoption of electronic data interchange (EDI) amog neraly 20 furms in the pharmaceutical and healthcare sector within the UK. In particular, it focuses on the factors behind the adoption and diffusion of EDI, and the barriers to its uptake and spread. It also analyzes some of the strategic, organizational and managerial issues behind its implementatio and development. The survey highlights the relatively slow rate of adoption of EDI within this sector and key problems that inhibit its uptake. These include issues of costs, standards and the increasingly fragmented nature of purchasing and logistics that results from reorganization within the UK healthcare system.     

对轿车激动人心的崭新诠释——梅赛德斯-奔驰2003CLS概念车

梅赛德斯的工程师和设计师们在CLS概念车上创造出了令人称奇的成功,他们将豪华轿车的舒适性、方便性和每日的驾驶实用性完美地结合起来,为下一代豪华轿车的发展确定了方向。     

THE DETERMINATION OF OPTIMAL RATIONS FOR PIGS FED SEPARATED MILK AND GRAIN*

This paper demonstrates a procedure for determining economically optimal rations which avoids problems that arise in conventional analysis of experimental results. It consists of maximising a suitably constrained profit per unit time objective function, itself formed from functions obtained from pig fattening experiments under special Australian conditions. The relevant functions-for consumption of milk and wheat, time to slaughter and percentage lean meatare first demonstrated, followed by a brief discussion of results obtained. Specifcally, it is noted that optimal diets differ according to whether the criterion adopted is profit per pig or profit per pig per week, that dairy farmers fattening pigs should feed substantial quantities of grain, and that the optimal diets are very stable to changing prices. More generally, the procedure avoids the statistical difficulties of conventional analysis of experiments arising from the estimation of weight-gain functions based on actual quantities of food consumed.     

Minimising foreign control of land in an era of globalisation prospects for St. Lucia

Although globalisation is not a recent phenomenon, it is the trend toward trade liberalisation that poses the greatest threat to small countries. The paramount question is how can small states buffeted by the forces of trade liberalisation attract foreign investment while protecting their populations from the foreign control of land. Using St. Lucia as a case study, this paper reviews the existing land tenure system, examines the force of current legislative, fiscal and land use policy instruments used to limit foreign control of land, and presents alternatives for curtailing the potentially negative effect of trade liberalisation on the foreign control of land.     

一个叫Waikiki的天堂

如果不租车自驾,住在Waikiki最大好处是交通便利,岛上几乎所有景点的公交车都会经过Waikiki,而喜欢热闹的人则更应该选择Waikiki。     

Job suburbanization,zoning and the welfare of urban minority groups

This paper poses a model of the effects of job suburbanization and suburban exclusionary zoning on the welfare of blacks and other urban minority groups. It explores the circumstances under which blacks take suburban jobs and whether they are made better off if they do so. The possibilities that blacks outcommute from central area ghettos and that they relocate to suburban housing near the jobs are each considered. A hypothetical governmental project to subsidize the creation of 10,000 suburban jobs for blacks is explored in a cost-benefit framework, stressing the effects of suburban exclusionary zoning on the project's feasibility.     

Worlding Water Supply: Thinking Beyond the Network in Jakarta

This article draws on scholarship in Southern theory to ‘world’ the study of water’s urbanization. This means complicating scholarship by widening the focus beyond the application of Northern norms to engage with complex and diverse practices in Southern cities. For water’s urbanization, this means focusing on what water supply is for the majority: neither the centralized piped‐water network nor its absence, but the range of practices and technologies that unite people, nature and artefacts in a complex socio‐ecological politics of water. Drawing on scholarship from Southern urbanisms, urban political ecology, and science and technology studies, we illustrate how expanding water’s urbanization to include more than networked infrastructure in Jakarta draws attention to the importance of ecological connections between piped water, groundwater, wastewater and floodwater. Thinking beyond the network requires deeper engagement with the ecological connections between the diverse flows of water in and around urban environments. These produce distinct forms of fragmentation that are missed when analysis is limited to piped‐water supply. The emphasis on ecological connections between flows of water and power seeks to draw attention back to the importance of the uneven exposure to environmental hazards in cities in which neither water nor nature are wholly contained by infrastructure.