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111.
Miguel D. Ramirez 《Atlantic Economic Journal》2002,30(4):366-379
This paper addresses the important question whether public investment spending on economic infrastructure enhances economic
growth and labor productivity in Mexico. Following the lead of the endogenous growth literature, it presents a modified production
function which explicitly includes the positive or negative externality effects generated by additions to the public capital
stock. Using cointegration analysis, the paper proceeds to estimate a dynamic labor productivity function for the 1955–94
period that incorporates the impact of the growth rate in the stocks of both private and public capital (as opposed to the
flows) and the economically active population (EAP) (rather than the rate of population growth). The results suggest that
(lagged) increases in public investment spending on economic infrastructure—as opposed to overall public investment spending—have
a positive and highly significant effect on the rate of labor productivity growth. In addition, the estimates suggest that
increases in government consumption expenditures may have a negative effect on the rate of labor productivity growth, thus
suggesting that the composition of government spending may also play an important role in determining the rate of labor productivity
growth. Finally, the findings call into question the politically expedient policy in many Latin American countries of disproportionately
reducing public capital expenditures on economic and social infrastructure to meet targeted reductions in the fiscal deficit
as a proportion of GDP. 相似文献
112.
This article proposes a nonparametric test of monotonicity for conditional distributions and its moments. Unlike previous proposals, our method does not require smooth estimation of the derivatives of nonparametric curves. Distinguishing features of our approach are that critical values are pivotal under the null in finite samples and that the test is invariant to any monotonic continuous transformation of the explanatory variable. The test statistic is the sup-norm of the difference between the empirical copula function and its least concave majorant with respect to the explanatory variable coordinate. The resulting test is able to detect local alternatives converging to the null at the parametric rate n−1/2, with n the sample size. The finite sample performance of the test is examined by means of a Monte Carlo experiment and an application to testing intergenerational income mobility. 相似文献
113.
Léonce Ndikumana Janvier D. Nkurunziza Miguel Eduardo Sánchez Martín Samuel Mulugeta Zerihun Getachew Kelbore 《Review of Development Economics》2023,27(2):924-962
This study empirically investigates the drivers of inflation in Ethiopia using monthly data over the period July 1998 to September 2020. It explores short-run and long-run effects of domestic and external determinants of inflation—including demand-side, supply-side, and structural factors—using the cointegration and vector error-correction methodology. Four measures of inflation are considered: cereals, food, nonfood, and all-items Consummer Price Index (CPI) inflation. A key contribution to the existing literature is the investigation of the role of the fiscal sector in modeling inflation, a topic that has been neglected in the existing studies on inflation in Ethiopia. The empirical results show that disequilibria in the monetary sector, grains sector, and food markets have long-run effects on inflation. In the short run, inflation is driven by structural factors (notably, cereal output gaps and imported inflation) as well as demand-side factors (notably, money growth and public sector borrowing). The results hold when analysis is limited to the high growth period from 2005 onward, following the end of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) program in the country. The evidence provides valuable insights in the context of ongoing macroeconomic policy reforms in Ethiopia. 相似文献
114.
Carlos de Miguel Palacios 《Spanish Economic Review》2002,4(3):179-199
The stability of a monetary union entails the establishment of mechanisms that allow the member countries to smooth their
paths of consumption after negative shocks in their income. A centralized fiscal institution could help countries through
a mechanism of taxes and transfers. In this paper we study the stabilizing effects of different mechanisms of compensation
in a two-country general equilibrium model subject to asymmetric technology shocks. In particular, we have focused on an optimal
system of taxes and transfers as opposed to a discretionary transfer mechanism, finding that the optimal transfer consists
in an intertemporal distribution to the economy that experiences the negative shock instead of a current high transfer as
in the non-optimal mechanism. Lastly, we have assessed the degree of stabilization related to the mechanisms in question,
showing that the optimal mechanism can match the degree of stabilization the empirical literature attributes to the case of
the United States. 相似文献
115.
Miguel A. Acedo‐Ramírez Francisco J. Ruiz‐Cabestre 《Journal of International Financial Management & Accounting》2014,25(3):237-270
In this paper, we analyze how country‐specific differences influence capital structure indirectly through firm‐specific variables. We apply a system Generalized Method of Moments technique to a panel data sample of companies from five countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom) during the period 1998–2008. As the different financial systems of European economies (bank‐oriented or market‐oriented) may influence capital structure differently through firm‐specific variables, we first examine the determinants of capital structure for each country separately and we then analyze whether the observed differences between the United Kingdom and the continental European countries are relevant. The results show that there are substantial differences in the capital structure choices of firms across five major European countries. These differences are motivated by the type of financial systems of the countries (bank‐oriented and market‐oriented) and influence the capital structure indirectly through the firm‐specific variables. Overall, our results support the relevance of the differences in the capital structure choices of firms across five major European countries, and in particular, the singularity of the United Kingdom (a market‐oriented economy) as opposed to continental European countries (bank‐oriented economies). 相似文献
116.
The paper analyzes the changes in poverty in Mexico during the 1980s adjustment program. We decompose poverty into its distribution and growth components, as well as by population subgroups, in order to illustrate the causes of the deterioration in the standard of living of the poorest of the poor. We suggest a transformation of the methodology by Datt and Ravallion (1992), to determine the likelihood of future compensation for those sectors of the population which suffered higher social costs derived from the contractionary policies. The importance of this exercise, is that it shows that contractionary measures may provoke deep structural transformations in an economy, which can make it more difficult to eradicate poverty in a reasonable time horizon. 相似文献
117.
Miguel A. León–Ledesma 《Bulletin of economic research》2002,54(2):95-103
This paper applies the panel unit root test proposed by Im, Pesaran and Shin (1997) to test for unemployment hysteresis in the US states and the EU countries against the alternative of a natural rate. The results show that hysteresis for the EU and the natural rate for the US states are the most plausible hypotheses. 相似文献
118.
Miguel León-Santana 《Ecological Economics》2008,64(4):849-857
The sustainability of the aquaculture industry has recently been the object of social and scientific debate, due to the contamination caused by the culture to the surrounding environment. As a contribution to the debate, this paper analyses the effect of adopting a Pigovian tax to internalise the environmental costs on the optimal management of farms. To do so, we make use of dynamic stochastic models of fish growth and contamination diffusion. Farms can also implement some measures to abate pollution, which are divided into two types: those applied continuously (“managerial” measures) and those once in a culture cycle (“structural” measures). The results reveal that the tax imposition lowers the optimum size in the farm. The type of abatement strategy plays a central role in the determination of the optimum harvest size. A need for caution in internalisation policies is emphasized, as negative consequences could arise in certain cases, putting the farms' survival at risk. 相似文献
119.
David Shepherd Rebeca I. Muñoz Torres Miguel A. Mendoza 《International Review of Applied Economics》2014,28(3):293-310
This paper presents an empirical analysis of the relationship between national and regional output growth in Mexico, and the impact of domestic and international shocks on national, regional and state output movements. Our results suggest that there are similarities, but also significant differences, in real output dynamics across the regions and states of Mexico and that it would be wrong to regard the Mexican economy as a homogeneous entity. The results show that real output growth in Mexico and the United States are linked, but there is no common output trend for the two countries. At the regional level, it appears that North and Central Mexico share similar features, but the path of output growth is more distinctive in South Mexico. Overall, our results suggest that assessments of macroeconomic performance, and related discussions of policy, should pay greater attention to the potential diversity in regional performance. 相似文献
120.
This study uses detailed longitudinal matched employer–employee data to examine the impact of entrepreneurial experience on job assignments, careers, and wages. The results suggest that there are significant differences in career mobility between former business owners and workers who were always wage employees. Former business owners enter firms at higher job levels and progress faster up the hierarchy than wage employees without entrepreneurial experience. The majority of the former business owners find jobs in small firms. The return to business ownership experience is lower than the return to wage employee experience, thus suggesting that the labor market imposes a penalty for business ownership experience. 相似文献