A Green Vehicle Routing Problem

A Green Vehicle Routing Problem (G-VRP) is formulated and solution techniques are developed to aid organizations with alternative fuel-powered vehicle fleets in overcoming difficulties that exist as a result of limited vehicle driving range in conjunction with limited refueling infrastructure. The G-VRP is formulated as a mixed integer linear program. Two construction heuristics, the Modified Clarke and Wright Savings heuristic and the Density-Based Clustering Algorithm, and a customized improvement technique, are developed. Results of numerical experiments show that the heuristics perform well. Moreover, problem feasibility depends on customer and station location configurations. Implications of technology adoption on operations are discussed.     

琼澳旅游合作发展路径分析

区域旅游合作已是当今国内外旅游业发展的趋势。由于资源和文化上的差异性和互补性,海南和澳门的旅游合作也逐渐成为探讨的热点。本文从文化和社会经济两个方面分析了琼澳旅游合作的基础和可行性,并指出了琼澳旅游合作存在的不利因素,在此基础上从旅游产品、旅游市场以及相关文化产业三个方面阐述了琼澳旅游合作发展的路径。     

新贸易保护主义对我国外贸的影响及应对策略

新贸易保护主义是新形势下出现的以管理贸易理论为指导的贸易保护主义。与传统贸保护主义不同,新贸易保护主义极大影响了各国外贸的发展,受到世界的普遍关注。本文主要分析了新形势下贸易保护主义出现的原因、表现形式、特点及其对我国外贸的影响,并结合我国国情提出了新贸易保护主义下的我国外贸的策略。     

新型城镇化与产业体系现代化的双重演进——以河北沿海地区为例

从河北沿海地区的建设基点和发展规划出发,瞄准城镇化、现代产业体系和沿海开发开放的结合点,建立了一个综合性分析框架,提出了河北沿海地区实现双重演进的战略和路径。     

城市化中农民土地权益保护的法律缺失分析——以广东发生的若干征地纠纷个案为例

城市化中农民土地权益得不到有效保护的重要原因之一是现有法律缺失,主要表现为:法律赋予农民的权利无法抵御非法征收、非法批准征收土地应承担的法律责任不清、土地征收前提条件界定不清等缺失。针对这些法律缺失,我们应重构土地征收合法性的审查机制、完善追究行政机关违法批准征收责任的机制、建立非公共利益需要建设项目用地的市场化供应机制,从而有效地保护城市化中农民的土地权益。     

North–South models of intellectual property rights: an empirical critique

Do Southern intellectual property rights (IPRs) affect Northern innovation? There is much theoretical debate on the impact of IPRs in the South on the incentives of Northern firms to innovate and transfer technologies to the South. While empirical research exists on the effects of Southern IPRs on Northern technology transfers, empirical evidence on the effects of Southern IPRs on Northern innovation is absent. This paper seeks to fill that gap. Using a comprehensive micro-database of US multinational firms and their foreign affiliates in developed countries, this study finds that patent protection in the South has statistically insignificant effects on the research and development of these firms. Rather, the patent regimes of developed countries matter significantly to the R&;D of these firms. Developing countries constitute a relatively small share of the world market so that variations in the patent rights of developing economies have contributed marginally to Northern incentives for R&;D.     

A regime-switching analysis of pass-through

We empirically investigate how various economic factors affect the changes in the pricing policies of exporters, in particular changes in the exchange rate pass-through. Assuming exporters set prices following either a high or a low pass-through pricing policy, and assuming that the transition probabilities between these pricing policies depend on market concentration, exporting country??s market share and monetary stability, we estimate a Markov regime-switching model, using data we have collected on imported cars to the United States. Our findings show that the ??low pass-through?? regime is characterized by: lower exchange rate pass-through, low response to misalignments in the firm??s relative price, low volatility of exogenous shocks, and higher duration. When we decompose the changes in the pass-through in our sample, we find that monetary stability has been the most important factor behind the decline in the pass-through. Monetary stability explains more than 50% of the decline in the exchange rate pass-through, while country market share and market concentration explain about 25 and 10%, respectively.     

节能发电调度对火电企业的影响及对策研究

火电作为我国电力工业主要的电源形式,节能发电调度环境下火电企业面临着巨大的利益调整。本文针对节能发电调度试点省份之一的四川省展开研究,根据四川省水、火电互济的特点,首先对四川省节能发电调度模式及经济补偿机制进行了阐述,进而从上网电量和价格政策变化两个方面对节能发电调度对火电企业的影响进行了分析,最后,从提高售电收入、提高经济补偿收入两个方面提出了四川省火电企业节能发电调度应对策略。     

Strategic Interaction in Spending on Environmental Protection： Spatial Evidence from Chinese Cities

In China, the responsibility of protecting the environment lies largely with local governments. Within the framework of spatial econometrics, we investigate empirically the consequence of such an institutional setting. Using city‐level data for China, the present study finds that city governments behave strategically in making spending decisions regarding environmental protection. This paper finds that a city government appears to cut its own spending as a response to the rise in environmental protection spending by its neighbors. Hence, environmental protection tends to be underprovided. As a result, we suggest that centralizing the environmental protection responsibility to a higher level of government would be beneficial in terms of controlling pollution in China.