国际制度与新进入国家的相互合法化

通常的观点认为,制度先行者塑造国际制度,新进入国家接受国际制度的塑造。作者对这一理论观点进行了修正,认为新进入国家参与国际制度的过程也是国际制度提高其合法性的一个同步过程:国际制度需要通过容纳新进入国家的关切来提高自身合法性;同时,新进入国家的关切得到容纳要以其接受制度宗旨为前提。双方产生了相互合法化的需要,它们需要同步接纳对方的合理诉求。一方面,国际制度是制度先行者互动形成的规则体系,未能包含更广泛的国家的关切事项,其合法性因而是有限的。另一方面,新进入国家参与国际制度通常需要接受已有制度的基本宗旨,否则它可能不会被接受为新成员。如果双方不能实现相互合法化,那么新进入国家与国际制度的关系将止步不前。而如果双方实现了相互合法化,使新进入国家取得国际制度成员资格成为可能。其结果是,新进入国家取得了为未来制定规则的机会,因而能够对国际制度的未来走向产生持续影响。     

营利性行为与非营利组织财务规制研究

文章根据非营利组织营利性行为趋势,结合中国社会组织网公布的非营利组织工作报告,指出我国非营利组织的营利性活动仍存在一些不规范行为,应当在财务管理上加以规范,以保证非营利组织营利性行为有章可依,有章必依。     

关于加快福建社区卫生服务体系建设的思考

一．福建省社区卫生服务体系的现状 近儿年来，福建省认真贯彻落实国务院和省政府关于发展城市社区卫生服务的意见，社区卫生工作扎实推进，取得了明显成效：社区卫生服务机构不断健全，服务功能不断先善，     

Service Orientation: Its Impact on Business Performance in the Medical Service Industry

From the viewpoint of internal marketing, employees who are content in their job may be motivated to satisfy their customers better than ones who are not content. Another relevant premise is that the content employees, because of their work motivation, would eventually help improve the performance of their firm. To verify these relationships, some previous studies looked into the effects of organisational service orientation on employee's satisfaction. But only few of them investigated the mediating effects of variables such as service value and customer orientation for their role in linking service orientation to business performance. This study examines how an organisation's service orientation had an effect on its performance at hospitals. For this purpose, verification of the mediating role of service value perceived by employees as well as the role of customer orientation on the firm's performance was attempted. For this study, a total of 292 usable questionnaires were collected from hospital staffs located in metropolitan cities of Korea. The hypotheses concerning relationships among service orientation, service value, employee satisfaction and customer orientation were verified by covariance structural modelling, using SPSS 10.0 and AMOS 4.0 programs. The result is as follows. First, organisational service orientation had a positive effect on both employee satisfaction and service value perceived by hospital staff. Second, employee satisfaction had a positive impact on service value and customer orientation. Finally, service value as well as employee's customer orientation were found to exert positive influence on the medical firm's performance.     

中国天然气汽车前景广阔 发展仍需政策指引——“2012天然气汽车论坛”观点采撷

在"低碳经济"和"节能减排"的时代背景下,天然气以其环保和成本等优势,正在成为汽车最理想、最现实的清洁替代能源。进入本世纪以来,我国天然气汽车(NGV)进入快速发展阶段,LNG客车、重卡正成为未来我国天然气汽车发展的重点领域。目前,我国天然气汽车产业发展缺少国家层面的总体规划和扶持政策,配套基础设施建设落后,而且天然气汽车技术水平有待提升,行业标准规范体系尚不完善,这些因素制约了我国天然气汽车的健康、快速发展。为此,建议政府尽快出台鼓励天然气汽车发展的具体政策,为天然气汽车的发展提供指引;加快天然气加气网络建设,并继续维持天然气价格优势;同时,加快提升天然气汽车技术水平,逐步完善相关标准和规范体系。     

Employment responses to aggregate and sectoral technology shocks

This paper investigates the responses of sectoral employment in US manufacturing to a technology shock by its type: aggregate or sectoral. In order to distinguish between aggregate and sectoral shocks, we construct independent VAR models for identifying each shock separately: a factor-augmented vector autoregression (FAVAR) for aggregate shocks and a sectoral SVAR for sectoral shocks. Our aggregate model in particular extends the conventional small-scale VAR to the FAVAR framework of Bernanke et al. (2005) so that it can address the potential bias from omitted variables. The main findings are as follows: most industries exhibit negative employment responses to an aggregate technology shock while exhibiting positive responses to a sectoral technology shock. By comparing our FAVAR framework with Chang and Hong’s (2006) small-scale VAR, we show that applying the FAVAR results in significant differences in the estimated responses to an aggregate technology shock. Real rigidities (such as slow diffusion of new technology or frictional labor reallocation), rather than nominal rigidities (such as sticky prices), are crucial in accounting for the cross-industry difference in employment responses. In particular, the slow diffusion of new technology is closely related to the sluggish response of sectoral employment.     

The privatization of Korea’s Incheon International Airport

This study looks at the possible effects of the planned privatization of Incheon International Airport, Korea. To accomplish this, it uses a Delphi analysis involving nearly 50 experts to assess six possible scenarios that, for example, look at airport strategy and planning, financial, operations and approach facilities, and fees.     

程序化交易系统的检测与优化体系

随着国内金融市场的不断发展与完善,程序化交易变得越来越受关注。目前国内大多数程序化交易者并没有建立起一个完备的检测与优化体系,采取的测试方式大多为简单的历史数据回溯测试,这容易导致对历史数据曲线的过度拟合。论文构造出一个较完整的程序化交易系统的检测与优化体系,依次分为六个步骤:设计交易策略,交易策略程式化,验证性检测,交易系统最优化,推进的样本外测试,实战交易。通过此体系可以分析交易模型的风险与收益水平及策略的稳定性,并得出健全的交易策略需具备的特点:获利相对均匀分布、具有相对稳定的盈亏次数比率、具有连续且平滑的最优化参数集、适应不同类型的市场且风险可控。     

International reserves and swap lines: Substitutes or complements?

Developing Asia experienced a sharp surge in foreign currency reserves prior to the 2008–9 crisis. The global crisis has been associated with an unprecedented rise of swap agreements between central banks of larger economies and their counterparts in smaller economies. We explore whether such swap lines can reduce the need for reserve accumulation. The evidence suggests that there is only a limited scope for swaps to substitute for reserves. The selectivity of the swap lines indicates that only countries with significant trade and financial linkages can expect access to such ad hoc arrangements, on a case by case basis. Moral hazard concerns suggest that the applicability of these arrangements will remain limited. However, deepening swap agreements and regional reserve pooling arrangements may weaken the precautionary motive for reserve accumulation.     

康德国际政治观的精神解读——乐观主义、渐进变革和终极关怀

康德是启蒙时代伟大的思想家。除了哲学之外,他的研究也涉及国际政治领域。康德的国际政治观在国际关系思想史中占有十分重要的地位,被看做是自由主义的源泉之一。作者旨在通过揭示康德国际政治观所蕴涵的三个特征——乐观主义、渐进变革和终极关怀,梳理其内在逻辑联系,从新的角度来分析康德国际政治思想蕴涵的精神价值及其实践意义。作者认为,康德用乐观主义来认识和改造世界,并为永久和平设计了一条渐进变革的道路,以求最终实现最高价值——对人的终极关怀。这也是康德留给后人的宝贵精神财富。