MARRIAGE,MARKETS, AND MONEY: A COASIAN THEORY OF HOUSEHOLD FORMATION

This article integrates search‐based models of marriage and money. We think about households as organizations, the way Coase thinks about firms, as alternatives to markets that become more attractive when transactions costs increase. In the model, individuals consume market‐ and home‐produced goods, and home production is facilitated by marriage. Market frictions, including taxes, search, and bargaining problems, increase the marriage propensity. The inflation tax encourages marriage because being single is cash intensive. Microdata confirm singles use cash more than married people. We use macrodata over many countries to investigate how marriage responds to inflation, taxation, and other variables.     

A retrospective study to assess the epidemiological and economic burden of pneumococcal diseases in adults aged 50 years and older in Taiwan

Objective:

Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and pneumococcal pneumonia cause substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. This retrospective study was conducted to estimate the disease burden from pneumococcal disease in older adults in Taiwan from a health insurer’s perspective.

Methods:

Data for the years 2002–2009 from patients aged ≥50 years with insurance records indicating pneumococcal meningitis, pneumococcal bacteremia, or hospitalized or outpatient pneumonia were obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Admission data for inpatients, visit data for outpatients, and associated costs were extracted from the database to estimate the incidence, case fatality rates, and direct and indirect costs of pneumococcal disease episodes. These data were applied to the estimated population of Taiwan in 2010 to provide an estimated disease burden for a single year from the payer perspective.

Results:

The average incidence per 100,000 person years was 2.4 for IPD, 278.8 for hospitalized pneumococcal pneumonia, and 1376.4 for outpatient pneumococcal pneumonia. The average case fatality rate was 12.3% for IPD and 10.0% for hospitalized pneumonia. Hospitalized pneumonia accounted for over 90% of direct medical costs. The incidence of hospitalized pneumococcal pneumonia per 100,000 person years was 84.4 for adults of 50–64 years, 313.1 for adults of 65–74 years, 820.3 for adults of 75–84 years, and 1650.9 for adults of 85+ year of age. In 2010, it was estimated there were over 113,000 episodes of pneumococcal disease, causing almost 2000 deaths, with direct medical costs of more than NT$3.4 billion annually.

Conclusions:

Pneumococcal disease is a significant cause of mortality and excess healthcare expense among the elderly in Taiwan. Disease burden in older adults increases with advancing age.     

技术创新网络知识共享基模及政策解析

知识共享机制设定对组织间创新合作起着关键作用,因此是技术创新网络的核心研究对象。从网络整体优化和网络成员利益角度,探讨技术创新网络在知识共享过程中的六大核心问题;应用系统动力学理论针对每个问题构建系统基模,解析每一问题的反馈环并给出针对性政策建议。     

企业资本投入的绩效分析

经济社会的发展对企业投资活动提出了新的要求.如何促进人力资本与物质资本的优化组合,充分发挥人力资本在企业中的作用,已成为现代企业面临的新难题.文章将企业的投资活动分为人力资本和物质资本投资,建立企业的人力资本、物质资本投资的效用分析模型,实证分析各行业的人力资本、物质资本与绩效的关系,研究在不确定的环境下如何对企业的人力资本、物质资本投资进行相机选择,以提高企业绩效.     

Nonstationary discrete choice: A corrigendum and addendum

We correct the limit theory presented in an earlier paper by Hu and Phillips [2004a. Nonstationary discrete choice. Journal of Econometrics 120, 103–138] for nonstationary time series discrete choice models with multiple choices and thresholds. The new limit theory shows that, in contrast to the binary choice model with nonstationary regressors and a zero threshold where there are dual rates of convergence (n^1/4$n^{1/4}$ and n^3/4$n^{3/4}$), all parameters including the thresholds converge at the rate n^3/4$n^{3/4}$. The presence of nonzero thresholds therefore materially affects rates of convergence. Dual rates of convergence reappear when stationary variables are present in the system. Some simulation evidence is provided, showing how the magnitude of the thresholds affects finite sample performance. A new finding is that predicted probabilities and marginal effect estimates have finite sample distributions that manifest a pile-up, or increasing density, towards the limits of the domain of definition.     

基于生态足迹理论的新疆可持续发展分析研究

新疆的土地面积位居全国之首,地域广阔,但是由于自然条件的约束,生态问题较为严重,虽然多年来政府在治理生态环境方面做了很多努力,但是形势依然严峻。人口、资源和生态的矛盾在可持续发展中日益突出。西部大开发战略实施以来,新疆的经济发展迅速,但是与此同时我们也要更多的在经济发展的同时,研究和分析影响新疆可持续发展的突出矛盾。本文利用生态足迹理论对新疆2000-2008年的生态足迹和生态承载力情况进行了计算和分析,并根据计算结果分析新疆的可持续发展状态,并提出相应的对策建议。     

加强信用管理减少赊销风险

在市场经济条件下,信用无所不在,信用关系普遍存在于社会生产、交换、分配、消费过程中,企业为了降低赊销的风险,必须加强企业的信用管理。     

湖南省生态经济分区及其发展研究

生态经济分区是宏观管理区域社会经济持续发展的一种新模式，旨在协调区域经济发展与生态环境保护以及合理利用自然资源的关系。研究依据省级生态建设与发展需要，从生态经济系统原理出发，以行政县为分类的基本单元，采用模糊聚类分析方法对湖南省进行了不重叠、内在的聚合分类。在此基础上，对各生态经济区的生态经济特点、发展方向和环境保护策略进行了具体分析，为宏观指导湖南省生态经济建设与可持续发展提供科学依据。     

科技成果转化中团队之间知识学习与共享的博弈研究

科技成果转化是一项复杂的系统工程,其本质是知识流的运动。科技成果的转化需要团队之间的协作、配合。团队之间的知识共享方式分为两种:紧密知识共享联合体和松散知识共享联合体。当共享知识为显性知识时,双方都采用弱联系策略,当共享知识为隐性知识时,双方都采用强联系策略。知识共享方式也会对双方的学习态度产生影响。     

灾害风险、福利损失与政府最优救助计划

本文在考虑灾害风险冲击的基础上,通过构建消费者—政府随机决策模型、权衡福利与财政的得失和理论推演,得到政府最优救灾规模的多维边界。具体救助规模由刻画灾害风险福利损失的各参数内生决定。具体而言,灾害损失程度是导致灾害救助需求加重的直接原因;而消费者的风险厌恶程度则会进一步扩大人们对灾害救助的需求;资本的留存情况和形成效率可减轻政府救灾的压力;灾害发生频率虽不影响最优救助规模,但会对整个社会福利产生消极影响。据此,加强灾前防御、普及灾害科普知识以及提高灾害资金运作效率,可达到减轻救助支出负担、提升灾害救助效果、增进社会的福利水平的目的。本文展示了如何设计灾害救助的最优规模,以与实际的社会环境和经济环境动态挂钩。