This study examines how ownership concentration and corporate debt impact corporate divestitures in China. Corporate divestitures
reduce the asset base of a company and the opportunity for expropriation by majority shareholders. In emerging economies,
weak legal institutions, combined with equity ownership concentration and high corporate debt, allow majority shareholders
to avoid such disciplines. Consequently, the relationship between these governance mechanisms and divestiture activity exhibits
a pattern that is different from that in developed economies. Using archival data collected from 1,210 Chinese listed companies
during 1999–2003, we found that ownership concentration by the largest shareholder depressed corporate divestitures both in
state-controlled and in non-state-controlled firms. The negative effect of corporate debt on divestitures only existed for
state-controlled firms. Our finding provides corroborating evidence for principal–principal conflicts in emerging economies.
It suggests that corporate strategy in these countries can be better explained by taking into account the unique agency problems
that are prevalent in these economies. 相似文献
This article reports on one outcome from a three-year study with pre-service primary teachers at Goldsmiths' College, University
of London. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of participants' prior educational experience and beliefs
about the relationship between design & technology (D&T) and science on their lesson planning for these subjects during school
placements. Data from the study support a three-domain model of pre-service teachers' thinking and action. When operating
within the pragmatic domain, participants are primarily concerned with survival in the classroom, resulting in short-term planning which may contradict
their epistemological and curricular beliefs. In the pedagogical domain, the focus shifts from the pre-service teacher themselves and their immediate survival to the learning potential of
the activities they plan. There is evidence that some participants have progressed to operating within a philosophical domain, leading to clasroom practice which reflects and re-conceptualises pre-service teachers' core beliefs about the nature
of, and relationship between, D&T and science.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
Conclusion It has been argued that Design and Technology teachers would be helped by clear distinction between the terms, industry, business and economic. This would help to avoid the confusion between particular ways of viewing business (eg. through an economic concept such as profit maximisation;) and the multi-faceted character of the activity under observation. By this reasoning, the economic dimension of Design and Technology resides in the analysis of needs and the evaluation of products according to the value of the resources used up, and the value and distribution of the resources and products created. The link with discussion of value judgements in the subject (eg. Riggs and Conway, 1991) is very clear. So also is the dependence of this analysis on the definition of needs and evaluation and, crucially, the perceived relationship between the two, in learning and classroom practice. 相似文献
We examine the effects of accounting standards and regulatory enforcement on entrepreneurial innovation and social welfare. When the entrepreneur issues a financial report that violates the accounting standards, a regulatory agency may detect the violation and bring charges. We find that when regulatory penalties are relatively insensitive to the magnitude of the violation, optimal standards are sufficiently low that they induce full compliance, and increase as the intensity of enforcement increases. In contrast, when regulatory penalties are sensitive to the magnitude of the violation, optimal standards induce non-compliance and decline as the intensity of enforcement increases. 相似文献
This study investigates barriers to social enterprise growth. The research employs qualitative case study data gathered from young social enterprises to examine the interplay between social enterprise and individual, organizational and institutional barriers to growth. We find that social enterprise barriers to growth are based on values differences, business models, and institutional norms. We theorize three strategic responses to overcome barriers to growth: values‐based decision‐making, leveraging social mission, and anchoring. 相似文献
We propose a computationally efficient and statistically principled method for kernel smoothing of point pattern data on a linear network. The point locations, and the network itself, are convolved with a two‐dimensional kernel and then combined into an intensity function on the network. This can be computed rapidly using the fast Fourier transform, even on large networks and for large bandwidths, and is robust against errors in network geometry. The estimator is consistent, and its statistical efficiency is only slightly suboptimal. We discuss bias, variance, asymptotics, bandwidth selection, variance estimation, relative risk estimation and adaptive smoothing. The methods are used to analyse spatially varying frequency of traffic accidents in Western Australia and the relative risk of different types of traffic accidents in Medellín, Colombia. 相似文献
As the COVID-19 pandemic has shaped public policies and government finances, it has also influenced the topics that public finance economists are researching. Because the 2020 International Institute of Public Finance Congress featured papers that were submitted prior to the start of the pandemic, the Congress allows us to reflect on the state of research prior to the pandemic’s shock to both fiscal policies and our worldview. In this article, the Editors of International Tax and Public Finance reflect on interesting papers that were presented at this internationally representative conference in public economics. The exercise provides insight on where the field of public economics was heading prior to the pandemic and will provide a yardstick to see how the field evolves in the coming years afterward.