Education, Work and Wages in the UK

Abstract. This paper is concerned with the relationship between education, wages and working behaviour. The work is partly motivated by the sharp distinction in the literature between the returns to education and the effect of wages on labour supply. Education is the investment that cumulates in the form of human capital while labour supply is the utilization rate of that stock. Yet, variation in education is usually the basis for identifying labour supply models – education is assumed to determine wages but not affect labour supply. Moreover, it is commonly assumed that the private rate of return to education can be found from the schooling coefficient in a log-wage equation. Yet, the costs of education are largely independent of its subsequent utilization but the benefits will be higher the greater the utilization rate. Thus the returns will depend on how intensively that capital is utilized and we would expect that those who intend to work least to also invest least in human capital. Indeed, the net (of tax liabilities and welfare entitlements) return to education will be a complex function of labour supply and budget constraint considerations.
Here we attempt to model the relationship between wages, work, education and the tax/welfare system allowing for the endogeneity of education as well for the correlations between the unobservable components of wages and working behaviour. We use the estimates to simulate the effect of a new UK policy designed to increase education for children from low-income households.     

中国区际分割影响工业竞争优势的实证分析

中国区际分割导致了市场化水平、技术效率以及资本积累的差异，从而引起各区域工业的产业竞争优势的不同，利用回归分析的结果表明：与区域的市场化指数、技术效率两个因素相比较，区域资本规模是影响区际工业的产业竞争优势的更主要的因素。     

网络出版的电子商务智能模型的研究

文章首先介绍了网络出版的概念和相对于传统出版业的优势,并对网络出版的电子商务的特点、运行情况以及所面临的问题进行了分析,引入了商务智能的概念。最后给出了一种网络出版的电子商务智能模型,并对模型的效能进行了论证。     

Robustness to the unavailability of data in block designs

We present general results for finding or boundingt _maxB , the maximum number of arbitrary whole blocks of observations which can be removed from a block design, and still leave all of the elementary treatment contrasts estimable. The block sizes may be larger than the number of treatments. The results are applied to BBDs, reinforced BIBDs and BBDs, BTIBDs, and a series of variance balanced incomplete block designs with two block sizes. Also given for most of these designs, are results fort _max, the maximum number of arbitrary, scattered observations that can become unavailable, and still leave all of the elementary treatment contrasts estimable.The work was undertaken while Dr. Whittinghill was visiting Ohio State University, and supported by a grant from the Natural Sciences Division, Colby College, Waterville, Maine.     

行政区划与地方财政体制:几个相关的理论问题

本文介绍了以德国为代表的西方国家的财税体制和行政体制，分析了行政体制与财税体制相分离的情况，指出了在市场经济条件下提高财政效率的办法，并在此基础上批评了试图重新划分行政区划来提高财政效率的设想。     

江南乡村精英的百年变迁

一、传统社会:士绅作为非官方的精英阶层,具有压倒性的影响力 首先,我们应当了解乡村社会的基本组织形态."以集镇为中心,一般包括15-20个村庄,组成了构筑经济层次的基本单位."即村落以集市或市镇为中心形成网状的自我体系,是周围农民的社会活动的基本范围.它的市场圈、宗教圈、婚姻圈等都是重叠的.     

利用国际项目融资提升承包商竞争实力

国际项目融资(International Project Financing),是指向某一特定的国际工程项目提供贷款,贷款人依赖该项目所产生的现金流量和收益作为偿还贷款的资金来源,并将该项目或经营该项目的经济单位的资产作为贷款的担保,或另外提供等额的可靠担保.从广义上说,一切针对具体国际项目所安排的融资都可以划归为国际项目融资的范畴.     

当前我国面临的国际经济环境与未来发展趋势

本文从当前国际关系、世界经济、全球和区域多边及双边贸易体制、国际分工、国际竞争战略等多个领域的深刻变化,概略分析了我国当前和未来面临的国际经济环境的突出特点和主要趋势;提出了世界经济的中国因素和中国经济的世界因素在迅速增大,面临机遇和挑战大量增多的国际经济环境,我们必须同时增强机遇观念和忧患意识。     

完善上市公司信息披露外部监管体系的对策

信息披露是否规范主要受上市公司内部治理结构和外部监管体系两方面的制约.完善的上市公司内部治理结构应在公司内部架构起股东大会、董事会、监事会、经理层以及总会计师与内审部门等相互制衡的公司内部监管体系,它直接决定着上市公司对外信息披露的内容、质量和具体要求;而有效的外部监管体系则是确保上市公司规范信息披露行为的外部保障力量,它主要包括政府监管和行业自律监管.我国上市公司信息披露不规范的根源在于公司内部治理结构存在缺陷,但是,在我国目前资本市场发育尚不健全的客观条件下,完善上市公司内部治理结构仍需假以时日,因而,建立有效的外部监管体系也就成为了目前规范上市公司信息披露行为的关键一环.笔者认为,完善我国上市公司信息披露外部监管体系应切实做好构建全方位、多层次的外部监管机构制衡机制、明确信息披露外部监管机构的监管责任、建立高效的信息披露违规责任人责任追究机制这三方面工作.     

基于混合优化算法的带时间窗的车辆调度问题求解研究

论文建立了带时间窗的车辆调度问题的数学模型，并针对遗传算法在局部搜索能力方面的不足，提出将模拟退火算法与遗传算法相结合，从而构造了求解车辆调度问题的混合优化算法，并进行了实验计算。计算结果表明，用这种混合优化算法求解车辆调度问题，可以在一定程度上用模拟退火算法突跳性克服遗传算法在局部搜索能力方面的不足，从而得到质量较高的解。