Incomplete Enforcement of Pollution Regulation: Bargaining Power of Chinese Factories

Only a limited number of papers haveempirically examined the determinants of themonitoring and enforcement activities performedby the environmental regulator. Moreover, mostof these studies have taken place in thecontext of developed countries. In this paper,we empirically examine the determinants of theenforcement of pollution charges in China.More precisely, we seek to identify thecharacteristics which may give firms more orless bargaining power with local environmentalauthorities pertaining to the enforcement(collection) of pollution charges. Firms fromthe private sector appear to have lessbargaining power than state-owned enterprises.Firms facing an adverse financial situationalso appear to have more bargaining power.Finally, we also show that the higher thesocial impact of a firm's emissions (asmeasured by the presence of complaints), thesmaller the bargaining power of the firms withlocal environmental authorities.     

小议税收征管的信息化管理

一、税收征管信息化建设方面存在的问题1.发展速度缓慢。经过十几年的实践,税收信息化基础设施建设虽已具备一定规模,但距离税收业务高度信息化处理的最终目标还相距甚远,税务机关内部还不能有效地利用现代信息技术,建立税源信息库,以加强税源监控;外部还不能与工商、银行、审计、海天等部门联网实现信息共享,形成社会性的全方位、高效率的税源监控网络。2.发展不平衡。①就目前全国税收信息化建设的情况看,国税系统快于地税系统,全国国税系统计算机四级网络已基本建成,地税系统计算机三级网络建设仅初具规模。②发达地区快于欠发达地区。如…     

切实加强内部管理改变待业社会形象

1998年脱钩改制以来,事务所的组织形式发生了根本变化,内部管理问题也提上了事务所的议事日程。但2001年银广夏事件和安然事件使整个社会的注意力集中到注册会计师的诚信问题上,投资者、政府部门对注册会计师的公信力提出质疑,社会舆论的指责,政府部门监管力度的加强,使注册会计师的声誉与自信心受到空前的打击。事务所内部质量控制、职业道德与员工素质教育、市场战略与形象、事务所文化等问题开始成为事务所高级管理人员密切注意和亟待要研究解决的问题;同时,他们更加注重管理体系、构架、战略、资源的系统研究,开始在改进事务所管理与形…     

外资加紧圈地国内银行

银监会不久前发布的一份研究报告称，中国银行业开放促进了中资银行管理能力提高和产品创新，今后银监会将促进中资银行与外资银行的深层次合作。这无疑为外资银行争抢中国市场提供了政策支持。     

Productivity,scale economies and technical progress in the Canadian life insurance industry

The purpose of this paper is to examine the productivity performance of the Canadian life insurance industry. We construct a measure of total factor productivity for life insurance companies and then attempt to determine the main sources of improved productivity during the period 1961–1977 by pooling time-series and cross-section data from 31 firms. We conclude that for the industry as a whole technical progress was by far the most important source of productivity growth, while scale economies, on balance, had a marginally negative impact.     

工程项目组织绩效评价新体系研究

评述了当前工程项目组织绩效评价的几种主要方法、途径。并提出了一种基于利益相关者角度进行的项目组织绩效的综合评价方法,使利益相关者的利益要求得以从工程项目组织运行过程中得以实现平衡,利于建立一种可持续发展的项目绩效评价体系。     

一种改善数据流间带宽公平性的算法研究

公平性问题是衡量网络性能的重要参数。文章提出了一种新的算法,一方面针对非TCP友好流,利用TCP行为估算每个流的丢包可能性,减少具有不同tRTT(回路响应时间)TCP流之间网络带宽的不公平性问题;另一方面,针对非响应流(如UDP流),该算法将使它在进入路由器之前就丢包。实验结果表明新算法可以降低在网络中的丢包率,同时较好地实现流间带宽的公平分配,从而提高了链路的利用率。     

Planning and Financing Water Resource Development in the United States: A Review and Policy Perspective

Abstract . Since the beginning of the 80s, there has been a discernible decline in federal spending for water resource development. The methods of financing project development at the state level exhibit diverse characteristics across different states. The state and sub-state level agencies and users will have to find and develop additional resources. This might also call for reduction in subsidies in water pricing which might give a greater role to market factors in conservation efforts. The present differentiated cost-sharing formula for different uses on the basis of the federal agency involved in the project development contributes to inefficient allocation of the resource. There is urgent need for financial and water management reform in order to avert a potential water crisis. Use, efficiency and equity considerations need to play a greater role in the distribution of the resource than in the past.     

FORTRAN语言及汇编语言在坐标测量中的混合编程技术

本文论述了Fortran在坐标测量数据采集系统以及图形输出系统中与汇编语言的程序连接及调用方法,讨论了利用Fortran语言进行测量样本点的拟合、画线以及图形输出问题,给出了编程方法及实例。