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171.
Robert P. Gray 《Abacus》2003,39(2):250-261
IAS 39, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement (IASB, 2000), requires assets to be marked to fair value if held-for-trading, available-for-sale purposes, or if they are derivatives; held-to-maturity securities, originated loans and originated securities are measured at amortized cost, providing they are not held-for-trading. Financial liabilities are measured at amortized cost except those that are held-for-trading or derivatives. A proposed amendment would accommodate improved fair value measurement of financial instruments. Commercial banks are greatly affected by any accounting standard concerning the recognition and measurement of financial instruments, whether related to assets or liabilities. This article demonstrates that the existing and proposed standards perpetuate the mismeasurement of interest rate risk for commercial banks. Under IAS 39 banks that have a balanced position, that is, no interest rate risk, counterfactually could show large changes in income through interest rate changes. An alternative accounting treatment, full fair value reporting of financial assets and liabilities, including all loans and deposits, is offered. Presently fair value data are mandated as footnote disclosure. 相似文献
172.
Uncertainty and Financing Constraints 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Using a panel of Dutch listed firms this paper provides empirical evidence for the hypothesis that more risky firms are confronted with more severe capital market constraints than relatively less risky firms. The paper also contributes to the discussion on the usefulness of cash flow as a measure of financial constraints. We present a stochastic version of the Kaplan-Zingales (1997) model. We show that cash flow sensitivity can be used as a meaningful indicator of financing constraints if firms are classified by the degree of uncertainty they face and if the uncertainty originates from cost uncertainty. 相似文献
173.
Bank Risk, Capitalization, and Operating Efficiency 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A simultaneous equation framework is used to test hypotheses about the interrelationships among bank interest rate and credit risk-taking, capitalization, and operating efficiency. A positive effect of inefficiency on risk-taking was found and supports the moral hazard hypothesis that poor performers are more vulnerable to risk-taking than high performance banking organizations. A positive effect of inefficiency on the level of capital is attributable to regulatory pressure on underperforming institutions. At the same time, firms with more capital are found to operate more efficiently than less well-capitalized banking organizations. A U-shaped relationship is detected between inefficiency and loan growth, indicating that operating efficiency improves at a decreasing rate as loan growth rate increases. This supports the hypothesis that entrenched managers who pursue a growth objective to enhance their own wealth tend to operate inefficiently. 相似文献
174.
In the past two decades, litigation in many U.S. stateshas triggered educational reform movements designed to reducethe inequalities in educational expenditures across school districts.This paper uses a panel data set across all the states from 1970–1990to examine the role of litigation and educational finance reformin determining the level of education funding in a flexible,dynamic setting. An important finding of our work is that litigationand reform have differential effects across the states, in somecases leading to increases while in other cases decreases inpredicted spending. 相似文献
175.
Ethical Unit Trust Financial Performance: Small Company Effects and Fund Size Effects 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alan Gregory John Matatko & Robert Luther 《Journal of Business Finance & Accounting》1997,24(5):705-725
Recent papers which have examined unit trusts have controlled either for a 'fund size effect' or for the 'small firms effect' in the investment portfolio. The contribution of this paper is an analysis of the 'small firms effect' whilst simultaneously controlling for the 'fund size effect'. We show that the ethical unit trusts have significantly greater exposure than general unit trusts to the 'small firms effect', and that net of this there is no significant evidence of over or under performance by ethical trusts using an adjusted Jensen measure. Using two cross-sectional approaches, we demonstrate that whilst a 'small firms effect' has a role to play in explaining unit trust performance, fund size is not correlated with the financial performance of unit trusts. This cross-sectional analysis also provides some evidence that ethical unit trusts may perform less well than general unit trusts. 相似文献
176.
Charlie X. Cai Robert W. Faff David J. Hillier Michael D. McKenzie 《Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting》2006,27(2):125-142
This article empirically investigates the exposure of country-level conditional stock return volatilities to conditional global
stock return volatility. It provides evidence that conditional stock market return volatilities have a contemporaneous association
with global return volatilities. While all the countries included in the study exhibited a significant and positive relationship
to global volatility, emerging market volatility exposures were considerably higher than developed market exposures.
JEL Classification G12 相似文献
177.
This paper presents a integrated credit risk modelling approach for private firms which fulfil 2001 Basel Accord requirements
in the case of the adoption of the foundation approach. Our model comprises: (a) a bottom-up technique to initially assess
the through-the-cycle one-year Probability of Default (PD) and (b) a top-down approach to refine and calibrate this historical
PD in a forward-looking credit risk assessment based on next year’s economic outlook. We present findings from applying this
model to a large sample of client firms of the Bank of Rome. 相似文献
178.
This paper assesses the current status and future prospects for bioregional planning in the Southern Appalachian Man and the Biosphere (SAMAB) region in the United States. The SAMAB region is one of the most biodiverse temperate regions in the world. The region's environment is threatened by development, air and water pollution, and invasive species. Numerous institutions in the region have some responsibility for protecting the region's environment, including the National Park Service, the US Forest Service, the US Environmental Protection Agency, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, several states, hundreds of municipalities, and numerous active non-profit organizations. Twenty-seven people associated with bioregional planning were interviewed to gauge their opinions on the state of bioregional planning in the SAMAB region. Overall, the respondents do not believe that the totality of all those efforts comprises bioregional planning because the efforts are limited in scale and scope and somewhat uncoordinated. With respect to the future of the region, the respondents found it difficult to imagine the state of the region 50 and especially 200 years into the future. Additionally, almost all of their definitions of bioregional planning included a spatial dimension but none included a time dimension. Thus, one of our conclusions is that the future of bioregional planning in the region will be hampered by difficulties people responsible for environmental protection have in dealing with ‘the future’. Much effort needs to be expended to inculcate people in the region with the desire to anticipate problems long before they occur. Reactive responses, which characterize the majority of current efforts, are likely to be ‘too little, too late’. 相似文献
179.
Robert J. Bloomfield Mark W. Nelson Steven D. Smith 《Review of Accounting Studies》2006,11(2-3):377-416
This paper presents and tests a model of the price dynamics that arise when investors fail to recognize the redundancy of unrealized gains and losses (“UGLs”) that are correlated with the firm’s past returns. Consistent with the predictions of our model, our experiment shows that a firm’s prices and earnings become highly volatile when correlated investment is large and correlated UGLs are made salient by comprehensive income reporting. The results suggest that including correlated UGLs in performance numbers could induce violations of weak-form efficiency that exacerbate volatility in share prices and earnings. 相似文献
180.
哈啤反收购--中国上市公司首宗恶意收购案亲历 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Robert Hanka 《银行家》2004,(9):80-83
2004年5月4日,全球第二大啤酒集团——南非啤酒SABMillerplc突然向香港上市的哈尔滨啤酒集团有限公司(以下简称“哈啤”)提出高达45亿港元的收购要约。被收购方哈啤是一家在港交所上市不足2年,市值30多亿的中型啤酒企业,在中国东北啤酒市场占有统治份额。收购要约发出几个小时内,哈啤的管理层及员工表达了他们对这宗收购建议的抗拒态度,这标志着中国上市公司首宗恶意收购战的开始。 相似文献