Higher skilled working tourists and their leisure lifestyles: a qualitative study of guest language instructors in South Korea

Using interviews conducted with 24 higher skilled working tourists employed as guest language instructors in the Republic of Korea, this paper explores how working tourists could secure an optimal leisure lifestyle in their host countries. Three key findings emerged. First, the respondents were seeking casual, touristic, amateur, hobby and volunteer leisure with their colleagues and with their host community members. But, the rewards and episodic aspects of their leisure, including formal and informal language development, suggested that it incorporated variations in project-based leisure as a core characteristic. Second, these respondents were taking part in guest, host and leisure speech communities that were each offering leisure choices. However, their leisure lifestyle was best when leisure, second language development and acculturation coincided in a leisure speech community. Third, that in a leisure speech community, respondents’ acculturation and friendships improved more so than in either guest or host speech communities. Also, that these respondents’ formal and informal second language learning within their leisure speech communities was essential for an optimal leisure lifestyle. The paper determines that leisure speech communities, occurring along a continuum of monetary, educational and interpersonal resources, could affect the linguistic mobility of higher skilled working tourists. It recommends that future research could examine if a sociolinguistics of leisure could assist in exploring and mapping the leisure lifestyles appearing among mobile populations in a globalising world.     

Industry and Government Advertising Regulation: An Analysis of Relative Efficiency and Effectiveness

This study analyzes data to determine the relative efficiency of the Advertising Standards Council, Consumer and Corporate Affairs Canada, and the Ministry of Consumer and Corporate Affairs of British Columbia in handling complaints about misleading advertising. The data suggest that, for some types of complaints, self-regulation is faster and nay resolve complaints at a lower cost than federal or provincial regulation. While there appear to be advertising problems that a self-regulatdry body is uniquely capable of handling, some classes of advertising complaints require the investigatory and punishment capabilities of government regulators. Effective and efficient regulation of advertising is best achieved through cooperative efforts by industry and government regulators. To achieve this goal, more informal interaction among regulators is suggested. Résumé Cette étude présente une analyse de données visant à déterminer l'efficacité relative du Conseil des nonnes de la publicité, Consommation et Corporations Canada et le Ministère de la consommation et des corporations de la Colombie-Britanique dans son traitement des plaintes concernant la publicité trompeuse. Les données indiquent que dans certains types de plaintes V auto-réglementation est plus rapide et permet une résolution moins coǔteuse que la réglementation fédérale ou provinciale. Bien qu'il semble que certains problèmes de publicité ne puissent ětre traités par un organisme auto-réglementé, certains types de plaintes nécessitent des enquětes et des mesures de réprimande dont seules des instances gouvernementales peuvent se charger. Une réglementation efficace dans le domaine de la publicité ne peut ětre mise en place que grǎce a une coopération entre l'industrie et les organismes de réglementation gouvernementaux. Pour atteindre ce but, l'étude recommande une plus grande interaction informelle parmi les organismes de réglementation.