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42.
Aki-Hiro Sato Takaki Hayashi Janusz A. Ho?yst 《Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination》2012,7(2):167-179
We investigate quotation and transaction activities in the foreign exchange market for every week during the period of June 2007 to December 2010. A scaling relationship between the mean values of number of quotations (or number of transactions) for various currency pairs and the corresponding standard deviations holds for a majority of the weeks. However, the scaling breaks in some time intervals, which is related to the emergence of market shocks. There is a monotonous relationship between values of scaling indices and global averages of currency pair cross-correlations when both quantities are observed for various window lengths ?? t. 相似文献
43.
A financial institution that adopts an advanced measurement approach (AMA) as a method of computing operational risk capital has to measure 99.9 % value-at-risk (VaR) as the amount of an operational risk. The most popular method to satisfy the AMA standards requires the evaluation of aggregate (compound) loss distribution, which is called the loss distribution approach (LDA). The Monte Carlo (MC) method is a well known method for calculating VaR under the LDA. However, when using the MC method to calculate VaR, the statistical error of VaR for the fat-tailed distribution increases and the computation time increases in proportion to the expected value of frequency distribution. Since the MC method has these problems, this paper presents a new methodology to compute VaR under the LDA using fast wavelet expansion techniques. The key features of our algorithm are follows: (1) Scale transformation technique for loss distributions, (2) Double exponential transformation for oscillatory integrals, (3) Finite series expansion of the wavelet scaling coefficients, (4) Wynn’s epsilon algorithm to accelerate the convergence of those series, (5) Efficient cubic spline interpolation method to calculate the moment generating function. We illustrate the effectiveness of our algorithms through numerical examples. 相似文献
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45.
A difference/system generalized method of moments (GMM) model that imposes time-constant coefficients is common in empirical studies using panel data. However, a rejection by the Sargan–Hansen test is sometimes a serious concern for researchers. We highlight the fact that the Sargan–Hansen test for GMM estimators applied to panel data is a joint test of valid orthogonality conditions and coefficient stability over time. A possible reason for a rejection is therefore that the slope coefficients vary over time. One solution is to estimate an empirical model in which the coefficients are time specific. We apply this solution to the system GMM estimator of simple nondynamic Cobb–Douglas production functions for a selection of Swedish industries and find that relaxing the assumption of constant slope coefficients results in more satisfactory outcomes of the Sargan–Hansen test. 相似文献
46.
Misato Sato 《Journal of economic surveys》2014,28(5):831-861
This paper critically reviews the literature on embodied carbon in trade and evaluates our present empirical understanding of these flows. A careful comparison of quantitative results from this literature exposes significant inconsistencies. For instance, estimates for emission embodied in world trade in 2004 range between 4.4 Gt and 6.2 Gt CO2, the difference corresponding to around half of Europe's annual emissions. A few consistent themes do nevertheless emerge from the literature. Most importantly, emissions in trade constitute a large and growing share of global emissions. Uncertainty about country‐level embodied emissions remains large, however, which presents severe limitations for the practical application of embodied carbon principles in climate policy. 相似文献
47.
Hiroshi Kitamura Noriaki Matsushima Misato Sato 《Journal of Economics & Management Strategy》2023,32(1):158-176
We explore the supply chain problem of a downstream durable goods monopolist, who chooses one of the following trading modes: an exclusive supply chain with an incumbent supplier or an open supply chain, allowing the monopolist to trade with a new efficient entrant in the future. The expected retail price reduction in the future dampens the profitability of the original firms. An efficient entrant's entry magnifies such a price reduction, causing a further reduction of original firms' joint profits. In equilibrium, the downstream monopolist chooses the exclusive supply chain to escape further price reductions, although it expects efficient entry. 相似文献
48.
TAKASHI Sato 《The Japanese Economic Review》1996,47(4):412-420
This paper deals;with a situation where a quality-setting Cournot firm and a price-seeting Bertrand firm coexist in the same industry. Under a set of regularity conditions on demand and coast, we compute equilibrium prices on Cournot-Bertrand "mixed"duopolies, and compare them with those of "pure" Cournot and Bertrand duopolies. 相似文献
49.
养老保险改革对家庭储蓄率的影响:中国的经验证据 总被引:20,自引:1,他引:19
本文利用1995年和1999年城镇住户调查数据(CHIPS)分析中国养老保险制度改革对家庭储蓄率的影响,从一个新的角度解释20世纪90年代中后期中国家庭储蓄率上升的原因。1995—1997年间中国对城镇企业职工进行的养老保险制度改革使得企业职工养老金财富发生变化,这种养老金财富的变化具有外生性,因而这项改革可以作为一项政策实验用来识别养老金财富对家庭储蓄率的影响。研究结果表明:中国的储蓄行为可以由生命周期模型解释;养老金财富对于家庭储蓄存在显著的替代效应,这一效应平均为-0.4—-0.3左右;但不同家庭这种替代效应有明显差异,户主年龄在35—49岁的家庭,储蓄率会显著受到养老金财富的影响,其他家庭这一影响并不显著。 相似文献
50.
Robin Boadway Maurice Marchand Motohiro Sato 《The Scandinavian journal of economics》1998,100(3):545-564
The literatures on differential commodity taxes and on quantity controls to supplement income taxation have developed separately. This paper combines these two strands in the standard framework of optimal non-linear income taxation. We use a model with two types of households where the government has access to both subsidy policy and public provision of a good substitutable for leisure, and ouseholds can supplement the publicity provided good from the market. We present conditions under which policy should involve one or both of these two instruments alongside income taxation. The model is extended to many ability types. 相似文献