产业辐射机理及其动态优化研究

产业辐射有效解释了新兴产业技术知识与资源在不同区域之间发生投射辐射,进而提高技术能力的经济现象。运用多学科的科学原理及方法探讨区域产业结构调整及产业升级问题,为推进我国特色区域创新体系建设提供了新视角。同时通过研究硅谷对新竹的产业辐射作用,从辐射动力和能〖JP〗量传递两个方面探讨产业辐射机理,界定产业辐射双方（辐射源与接收方）的基本特征,以及辐射产生、相互依赖、互为衍生的路径关系,再以动态的观点探讨了产业辐射系统的优化步骤与内容,进而分析了提升联动效果的机制。     

基于粒子群优化的模糊聚类分析

基于求解实优化问题时,粒子群优化算法优于遗传算法。在基于遗传算法的模糊C均值聚类算法基础上,给出了基于粒子群的模糊C均值聚类算法,试验结果表明:该算法克服了传统的模糊C均值聚类算法的缺陷,同时在收敛速度方面明显优于基于遗传算法的模糊C均值聚类算法。     

Do stable strategic time periods exist? Towards new methodological and theoretical insights

This paper investigates a fundamental issue in the current research on strategic groups: the existence or non‐existence of the so‐called ‘stable strategic time periods’ (SSTPs). Our study provides new evidence by adding new methodological and theoretical insights. The research setting is the Spanish banking industry over a 15‐year period, 1983–1997. Unlike all prior longitudinal research that found SSTPs, the multi‐method procedure that we used in this study (i.e. equality of variance and covariance matrix and mean vector of strategic variables and a subsequent grouping analysis performed through the MCLUST) has led us to reject the existence of SSTPs in the industry under study. Based on these original findings, we conclude by suggesting a proposition which should be corroborated in future empirical studies on strategic groups. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Libraries in transition to a marketing orientation: are librarians' attitudes a barrier?

• This study examines librarians' attitudes toward the marketing of library services, as libraries continue their transition to a marketing orientation. Although prior studies had observed misunderstandings and hostility to marketing among librarians, most previous discussions of this topic were either speculative or based on extremely small samples. In order to provide more evidence in this matter, a large‐scale survey of members of the New Jersey Library Association (NJLA) was conducted. A ‘Pro Marketing’ scale was introduced and used to segment participants with respect to their attitudes. The findings indicate that most respondents expressed relatively positive attitudes toward marketing, but that more positive attitudes were expressed by public librarians than school or college/university librarians, and by administrators as opposed to reference and technical services librarians. Illustrative respondent comments and implications for library management are included.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

城市经济转型期合肥市现代服务业发展的供需特征与功能区建设

中国正处于经济社会加速转型时期,现代服务业对西方城市发展的诸多影响正全部或部分在我国大城市呈现。以合肥市为例,首先探讨了现代服务业发展对推进城市经济转型的重要作用,进而分析了城市经济转型期现代服务业发展的供需特征,最后提出城市经济转型期现代服务业发展的总体思路、重点行业与重点功能区建设,旨在深化认识现代服务业对城市经济发展方式转变的支撑作用,为构筑与城市经济发展阶段相适应的现代服务业产业体系提供科学依据。     

数字化转型如何影响企业韧性？ ——基于双元创新视角

数字化转型是促进企业韧性形成并塑造竞争优势的重要手段。通过以广东省、江苏省等地区的339家企业为研究样本,实证研究发现:数字化转型对企业韧性具有显著正向影响;其中,数字化转型分别对探索式创新和利用式创新具有积极促进作用;同时,双元创新对企业韧性具有显著正向影响。进一步地,企业通过探索式创新和利用式创新分别在数字化转型对企业韧性的影响中起部分中介作用。研究从双元创新视角揭示了数字化转型对企业韧性的作用机制,验证了数字化转型与企业韧性的关系,也为实施数字化转型的企业通过双元创新来提升企业韧性应对不确定性风险提供了理论指导。     

Multiunit Pay‐Your‐Bid Auction with One‐Dimensional Multiunit Demands*

An arbitrary number of units of a good is sold to two bidders through a discriminatory auction. The bidders are homogeneous ex ante and their demand functions are two‐step functions that depend on a single parameter. We characterize the symmetric Bayesian equilibrium and prove its existence and uniqueness. We compare this equilibrium with the equilibrium of the multiunit Vickrey auction and with the equilibria of the single‐unit first price and second price auctions. We examine the consequences of bundling all units into one package. We study the impacts that variations of the “relative” supply have on the equilibrium, on the bidders' average payoffs per unit, and on the efficiency of the equilibrium allocation.     

Time‐consistent optimal fiscal policy*

This article studies the properties of optimal fiscal policy in a stochastic growth model when the government cannot commit itself beyond the next period's capital income tax rate. We find that the results contrast markedly with those under full commitment. First, capital income tax rates are very high (65% on average versus close to zero on average under full commitment). Second, labor income taxes are rather low on average (about 12% versus a value of around 31% under full commitment). Finally, labor income taxes are quite volatile, whereas under full commitment their standard deviation is essentially zero.     

Existence of a Condorcet Winner When Voters Have Other‐Regarding Preferences

In standard political economy models, voters are “self‐interested” that is, care only about “own” utility. However, the emerging evidence indicates that voters often have “other‐regarding preferences” (ORP), that is, in deciding among alternative policies voters care about their payoffs relative to others. We extend a widely used general equilibrium framework in political economy to allow for voters with ORP, as in Fehr and Schmidt (1999) . In line with the evidence, these preferences allow voters to exhibit “envy” and “altruism,” in addition to the standard concern for “own utility.” We give sufficient conditions for the existence of a Condorcet winner when voters have ORP. This could open the way for an incorporation of ORP in a variety of political economy models. Furthermore, as a corollary, we give more general conditions for the existence of a Condorcet winner when voters have purely selfish preferences.     

CRIME AND POVERTY: A SEARCH‐THEORETIC APPROACH*

Numerous studies document that criminal activity is positively related to unemployment and negatively related to educational attainment levels within given communities. We study this phenomenon in the context of a search‐equilibrium model, in which agents choose between formal employment and pursuing crime‐related activities (theft). Prior to their “occupational choices,” agents undertake costly schooling, raising their productivity. Crime acts, in essence, as a tax on human capital by affecting the probability that a worker's earnings (possessions) are subsequently appropriated. There are multiple equilibria. High crime, low levels of educational attainment, long spells of unemployment, and poverty are correlated across them.