Filtration enlargement-based time series forecast in view of insider trading

This survey reviews filtration enlargement models in view of insider trading. Although filtration enlargement aptly models insiders' informational advantage, the theoretical results have not attracted the attention of the empiricists, owing mainly to the lack of a bridge transforming the results to testable hypotheses, and/or the absence of econometrics method linking the hypotheses and the data. This survey provides a feasible avenue to estimate insider information and to detect trading from a relatively sophisticated theoretical model, where the dynamics of publicly available data (e.g., stock price) implies insider information before the information is completely digested. We complete the survey with an empirical illustration based on simulated data.     

Financial information,green certification,government subsidies and green bond credit spreads–evidence from China

In the context of green bonds playing an increasingly vital role in the green financial market, this study selects 61 green bonds issued in China from 2016 to 2021 as samples to examine the factors influencing green bond credit, including financial information and ratings of issuers, green certification, and government subsidies. First and foremost, based on AHP and entropy method, the financial composite index is constructed to evaluate the issuers’ finance. Additionally, the differences in the cost of green bonds issued by state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and semi-enterprises are explored by adding the property rights variable. Empirical results indicate that the issuer’s rating could significantly affect the credit spread. In addition, the green bond credit spreads of SOEs are more competitive than those of semi-enterprises. When the issuer is a SOE, green bond credit spread has a remarkable negative correlation with finance information. Furthermore, green certification and government grants are not the main factors. Finally, the green bond market, crucial to controlling the green financial system, is presented with specific recommendations for its growth in this study.

     

中外经济增长方式理论比较与我国转变的取向

该文在综合研究中外经济增长方式理论的基础上,提出我国应由传统型经济增长方式向当代型经济增长方式转变,并明确了我国经济增长方式应该向制度创新型、资源节约型、知识自主创新型发展的三个转变取向。     

资本管制与人民币汇率动态调整

本文构建了开放条件下切合中国实际的一般均衡模型,分析资本管制对人民币汇率超(低)调动态演变的影响。理论研究指出,当资本管制程度高于阈值时,中国的货币扩张将导致人民币汇率出现低调;当资本管制程度低于阈值时,人民币汇率会超调。经济结构参数决定了汇率超调或低调的程度和持续性,资本管制力度对汇率动态的影响存在不对称性。随后本文测算出了中国的资本管制程度和人民币汇率超(低)调的程度,对理论模型的预测结论进行实证检验,发现人民币汇率在升值趋势中低调,但在贬值趋势中超调。深入分析在资本管制下人民币汇率动态的多样性,有助于为中国的资本账户开放和人民币汇改之间的良性互动提供理论支撑。     

Bundling strategy and product differentiation

The existing literature shows that a decrease in the degree of substitutability increases a monopoly’s incentive to bundle. This paper in addition takes into account competition in the second product market and then re-examines how intra-brand and inter-brand product differentiations affect the incentive to bundle. In order to formally examine the above conjectures, this research builds up a two-firm, two-product model in which product 1 (monopoly product) is produced only by the bundling firm and product 2 (competing product) is produced by both firms. The analysis shows that under both Bertrand and Cournot competitions the incentive to bundle does not necessarily increase with the degree of intra-brand differentiation, while it strictly decreases with the degree of inter-brand differentiation. Moreover, under Bertrand competition bundling always decreases consumer surplus, but may increase the competitor’s profit and social surplus. Under Cournot competition bundling always reduces the opponent’s profit and social welfare, but may increase consumer surplus.     

Expected utility theory from the frequentist perspective

We present an axiomatization of expected utility from the frequentist perspective. It starts with a preference relation on the set of infinite sequences with limit relative frequencies. We consider three axioms parallel to the ones for the von Neumann–Morgenstern (vN–M) expected utility theory. Limit relative frequencies correspond to probability values in lotteries in the vN–M theory. This correspondence is used to show that each of our axioms is equivalent to the corresponding vN–M axiom in the sense that the former is an exact translation of the latter. As a result, a representation theorem is established: The preference relation is represented by an average of utilities with weights given by the relative frequencies.     

直销行业现状及其发展趋势研究

本文通过对国际上直销行业的发展状况、经营产品的种类和模式进行梳理,分析了直销行业今后发展的四大趋势,即互联网时代来临,直销迎来发展新机遇及挑战;直销行业趋于规范和成熟;直销行业未来增长点将集中在健康保健产业;直销行业营销模式将向现代综合式营销转变。     

文学与外语教学

随着外语教学改革的逐步深入,外语教学中注重学生能力的培养已蔚然成风。在此情况下,学生们的听、说、读、写等各种外语技能技巧确有很大的提高。但同时我们也应看到,他们真正的交际能力却很差,除了一些简单的应答之外,几乎不能用外语与外国人深入讨论问题。其中丰要的原因是：我们在外语教学中只注意到各种技能技巧的训练,而忽视了环境与文化知识的作用。     

证监会、审计机构、上市公司寻租行为的博弈分析

首先,阐述了寻租理论的发展及其危害;然后,借助博弈论作为分析工具,讨论了上市公司与审计机构寻租的成本、概率以及处罚力度等因素对纳什均衡解的影响;最后,给出了治理寻租行为的对策建议。     

科技文献中标点符号的正确用法

标点符号在科技工程界的书面语言中是十分重要的。为此，根据ＧＢ／Ｔ１５８３４－１９９５《标点符号用法》，结合工作经验，阐述了标点符号在科技文献中的正确用法