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91.
Boyan Jovanovic 《International Economic Review》2013,54(1):1-34
This article proposes a test for the presence of a bubble in the price of an exhaustible resource. A bubble is accompanied by a rise in the storage‐to‐consumption ratio: Consumption peters out, and a fraction of the original stock is held forever. The test suggests there is a bubble in the price of oil and in the market for high‐end Bordeaux wines, but other explanations are also possible. A bubble reduces welfare regardless of whether there are other stores of value, particularly fiat money. 相似文献
92.
The decision on the EU directive for emissions trading in June 2003 makes Europe a pioneer in the large-scale application
of market instruments to climate policy. This development would have been unthinkable five years ago. The negotiations provide
a textbook example of public choice theory in practice. We describe the crucial points of the recent and upcoming legislation
process at the levels of the EU and the Member States, the latter with a focus on Germany. The timetable for the enforcement
of the emissions trading directive at the national level seems very tight—especially when considering the likely manoeuvres
by several stakeholder groups. 相似文献
93.
Islamic principles are suggestive of a variety of implications for governance and accounting. Reflecting upon Islamic principles, we here engage with the notion of accounting for the environment. Drawing from key Islamic texts and relevant prior literature, we elaborate and discuss key Islamic principles of relevance and delineate what they suggest for accounting. Our endeavours here are consistent with a concern to contribute to a critical theoretical project seeking to develop a progressive and emancipatory universalism that is respectful of difference, a project with its accounting implications. In concluding, we point, among other things, to the irony whereby Western transnational corporations have sought to promote their particular brand of corporate social (and environmental) responsibility accounting in Arab countries, variously influenced by Islam, with little to no mention of a notion of accounting for the environment integral to and deeply rooted in Islam. 相似文献
94.
Dipl.-Inf. Sonja Zaplata Dr. Christian P. Kunze Prof. Dr. Winfried Lamersdorf 《Business & Information Systems Engineering》2009,1(4):301-314
Realistic requirements of mobile business applications often exceed the capabilities of their respective local environments. In order to overcome such restrictions of specific mobile devices, services, and resources, this contribution introduces the concept of context-based cooperation. It is based on mobile processes which enable applications to cross boundaries of individual systems and thereby allow combining both mobile and stationary resources in order to realize highly dynamic individual applications. This contribution presents an approach for realizing context-based cooperation built upon on a respective context management infrastructure and execution environment. It also identifies specific requirements and proposes related enhancements for mobile business applications. 相似文献
95.
Agriculture and forestry play an important role in emitting and storing greenhouse gases. For an efficient and cost-effective climate policy, it is therefore important to include land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF) explicitly in economy-climate models. This article gives an overview and assessment of existing approaches to include LULUCF into partial and general equilibrium economy-climate models. For each class of models, we describe different examples, their treatment of land, and their potential for and applicability to policy analysis, as well as their shortcomings. We identify data requirements and conceptual problems, and provide suggestions for future research. 相似文献
96.
97.
Sonja Bekker Ton Wilthagen Per Kongshøj Madsen Jianping Zhou Ralf Rogowski Maarten Keune Andranik Tangian 《Intereconomics》2008,43(2):68-111
Although linguistically somewhat strange, “flexicurity”, the combination of labour market flexibility and security for employees,
has become a much praised cornerstone of European labour market policies. Obviously, in an environment with rapid technical
progress and frequently changing market conditions, employers need to manage their labour force flexibly. In order to achieve
this flexibility without creating an unbearable situation for employees, security is the second pillar of the concept. Security
refers, however, to “employability” rather than safety from dismissal. As such, the concept looks like an innovative European way of consolidating economic and social interests, although some argue that much flexibility is gained while the security
aspect is being neglected. The concept has been successfully adopted in some European countries, notably Denmark and the Netherlands.
However, each country has to find its own concept of “flexicurity” using a distinct combination of instruments that fit the
national institutional, social and civic context. 相似文献
98.
The USA regularly stresses that it is in favour of China's admission to the World Trade Organization, given the country's
growing network of international relations and its increasing political and economic significance. China's own political leadership
has been driving home its demand to be readmitted to the GATT (WTO) since as long ago as July 1986. Yet in spite of the apparent
concurrence of interests the two countries convey to the outside world, China's entry negotiations have not yielded any evidence
of a positive outcome. 相似文献
99.
In this study we use the newly available Yugoslavian Labor Force Survey data to investigate wage differentials and employment decisions in the state and private sectors in Yugoslavia. For the analysis we use three empirical models that rely on different statistical assumptions. We extend the standard switching regression model to allow non‐normality in the joint distribution of the error terms. After correcting for the sector selection bias and controlling for workers’ characteristics we find a private sector wage advantage. The wage premium is largest for workers with low education levels and declining for workers with higher educational levels. Given the regulatory and tax policies that pushed the private sector into the informal sphere of the economy during the period covered by our data, we argue that the state/private wage gap is likely to grow in the future. This will make it increasingly difficult for the state sector to attract and retain highly skilled employees. 相似文献
100.
Jairos Josiah Bruce Burton Sonja Gallhofer Jim Haslam 《Critical Perspectives On Accounting》2010,21(5):374-389
The interrelation of privatisation and accounting constitutes a wide-ranging focus for research that is attractive from a critical theoretical and interdisciplinary perspective. A number of studies may be considered part of this focus in holding themselves out as types of evaluation of – or as an accounting, or accountability, for – privatisation. For us, the evaluation of privatisation programmes is properly a concern of critical accounting research and of those interested in the development of more holistic forms of accounting and auditing for appraisal, such as is envisaged in forms of social accounting and social auditing. Indeed the assessment of privatisation has been deemed within the ambit of the social audit movement. Privatisation in Africa is controversial. In today's context it is often integral to the particular form of the globalisation process and carries related ambiguities. Apparently something of a panacea for its advocates, it is problem-ridden for its critics. How should we account for privatisation in Africa? We promote the delineation of a holistic accounting evaluation model by reflecting on a critical review of research constituting accounts of privatisation in Africa. Of course such research, to the extent that it is holistic or comprehensive, would include attention to the mobilisation in context of various accountings as well as related practices of governance at micro- and macro-levels—in turn reflecting the sense in which accounting, along with related systems of governance, is pervasive in privatisation processes. While we find strengths in the research analysed and acknowledge its contribution, we point to deficiencies and gaps from a critical theoretical and interdisciplinary perspective. These gaps and deficiencies delimit policy discourse and praxis vis-à-vis privatisation in Africa and beyond. They also point to a more holistic accounting model of appraisal. We acknowledge the particularities of Africa, and indeed of the differing nations, cultures and regions of Africa, but also suggest the model's relevance not only for African contexts but beyond. 相似文献