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131.
Steven Y. Wu 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2006,50(4):490-509
This paper surveys some recent developments in contract theory and illustrates how this theory might be useful for conceptualising policy issues related to vertical coordination and contracting in the agro‐food industry. The article begins by surveying contract theory to identify key economic distortions that can potentially justify government involvement. Next, the general ingredients of agricultural contracts that are most likely to create inefficiencies are discussed. Finally, controversial aspects of real‐world agricultural contracts are highlighted and lessons from the theory are used to determine whether government intervention is justified. Actual legislation that has been proposed in the USA is analysed where appropriate and topics that await further research are also discussed. 相似文献
132.
Summary Neo-classical economic theory shows that managed trade or protectionism is (almost) always welfare decreasing. However, measurements of the welfare costs of protectionism based on neo-classical models seem to suggest that these costs are quite small. We discuss general new insights and developments in the theory, policy and empiricism of international trade. The observation that intra-industry trade and the services sector are important has led to a shift in theory away from constant returns to scale and perfect competition towards economies of scale and scope, externalities, market imperfections, and imperfect competition. Although this, in principle, opens the door to beneficial government intervention in the economic process, we emphasize that the true costs of protection can potentially be much higher than is generally acknowledged as a result of the above mentioned shift.We would like to thank, without implicating, Martin Fase, Harry Garretsen, Catrinus Jepma, Simon Kuipers, Ger Lanjouw, Tenn Schmidt, Albert de Vaal, and Jean-Marie Viaene for stimulating conversations and useful suggestions. We thank Thijs Knaap for excellent research assistance. 相似文献
133.
The objectives of this paper are to determine the extent to which various factors contributed to the most recent recession in Japan and to assess whether the recent behavior of the Japanese economy differs from that in previous recessions. Toward that end, we develop a small, structural macroeconometric model of the Japanese economy and estimate it using data from 1971 Q1 to 1991 Q1, the period just prior to the recent downturn. The important results can be summarized as follows. First, the severity of the recent recession probably does not reflect structural economic changes. Second, the poor economic performance in 1991–1993 period was to some extent predictable, reflecting the unwinding of imbalances that developed during the preceding expansion. Finally, unpredictable movements in exchange rates, land prices, and stock prices occurring after 1991 played an important, but not predominant, part in accentuating the downturn, while unusually stimulative fiscal and monetary policies appear to have contributed substantially to GDP during the recession. 相似文献
134.
Steven J. Skinner D.B.A. O. C. Ferrell Ph.D. William M. Pride Ph.D. 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》1984,12(1-2):106-114
A mail survey was conducted to empirically investigate contributions to charity as a method of stimulating responses to a
mail survey. The research design included a control group and four experimental groups with the following treatments: a prepayment
of $1.00 enclosed with the questionnaire (immediate personal reward), $1.00 promised upon return of the questionnaire with
the respondent identified (delayed personal reward, no anonymity), $1.00 promised upon return of the questionnaire with no
identification of the respondent (delayed personal reward, anonymity), and the promise of $1.00 contribution to a respondent-selected
charity (delayed non-personal reward). The $1.00 prepayment yielded a statistically significant higher response rate than
the $1.00 promised to charity or $1.00 promised upon return of the questionnaire. This study generally supports existing empirical
foudnations of equity theory. An immediate personal reward yields a higher response rate than a delayed personal or non-personal
reward. 相似文献
135.
We consider an agent who invests in a stock and a money market and consumes in order to maximize the utility of consumption over an infinite planning horizon in the presence of a proportional transaction cost
. The utility function is of the form U(c) = c1-p/(1-p) for p > 0,
. We provide a heuristic and a rigorous derivation of the asymptotic expansion of the value function in powers of
, and we also obtain asymptotic results on the boundary of the no-trade region.Received: July 2003, Mathematics Subject Classification (1991):
90A09, 60H30, 60G44JEL Classification:
G13Work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants DMS-0103814 and DMS-0139911. 相似文献
136.
Steven Eli Permut Ph.D. James E. Haefner Ph.D. 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》1973,1(2):156-166
Public policy decisions dealing with deceptive advertising have relied extensively on case-by-case adjudication with the Federal
Trade Commission. Unfortunately, behavioral evidence has not been considered in the vast majority of these cases. The final
determination rests with the Commission’s own expertise in judging an advertisement’s “capacity to deceive.” Consumer response
data are not required, although recent developments suggest the FTC is seriously considering the inclusion of meaningful behavioral
evidence in policymaking and adjudicative proceedings. This study is one of a series dealing with dimensions of perceived
deception across different respondent populations (including students, lawyers, housewives, children, and minority groups).
The focus here is on the semantics of deception, i.e., the way in which subjects evaluate selected television commercials
which were unofficially rated for deception by FTC staff attorneys. The factor analytic paradigm provides one approach for
generating summaries of viewer’s evaluative (affective) responses, and thereby providing some normative or benchmark data
of potential value in the regulatory process. 相似文献
137.
Berglas S 《Harvard business review》2002,80(6):86-92, 153
A personal coach to help your most promising executives reach their potential--sounds good, doesn't it? But, according to Steven Berglas, executive coaches can make a bad situation worse. Because of their backgrounds and biases, they ignore psychological problems they don't understand. Companies need to consider psychotherapeutic intervention when the symptoms plaguing an executive are stubborn or severe. Executives with issues that require more than coaching come in many shapes and sizes. Consider Rob Bernstein, an executive vice president of sales at an automotive parts distributor. According to the CEO, Bernstein had just the right touch with clients but caused personnel problems inside the company. The last straw came when Bernstein publicly humiliated a mail clerk who had interrupted a meeting to ask someone to sign for a package. At that point, the CEO assigned Tom Davis to coach Bernstein. Davis, a former corporate lawyer, worked with Bernstein for four years. But Davis only exacerbated the problem by teaching Bernstein techniques for "handling" employees--methods that were condescending at best. While Bernstein appeared to be improving, he was in fact getting worse. Bernstein's real problems went undetected, and when his boss left the company, he was picked as the successor. Soon enough, Bernstein was again in trouble, suspected of embezzlement. This time, the CEO didn't call Davis; instead, he turned to the author, a trained psychotherapist, for help. Berglas soon realized that Bernstein had a serious narcissistic personality disorder and executive coaching could not help him. As that tale and others in the article teach us, executives to be coached should at the very least first receive a psychological evaluation. And company leaders should beware that executive coaches given free rein can end up wreaking personnel havoc. 相似文献
138.
Firm reputation with hidden information 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Steven Tadelis 《Economic Theory》2003,21(2-3):635-651
Summary. An adverse selection model of firm reputation is developed in which short-lived clients purchase services from firms operated
by overlapping generations of agents. A firm's only asset is its name, or reputation, and trade of names is not observed by
clients. As a result, names are traded in all equilibria regardless of the economy's horizon The general equilibrium analysis
links the value of a name to the market for services. This causes a non-monotonicity that precludes higher types from sorting
themselves through the market for names, and leads to “sensible” dynamics: reputations, and name prices, increase after success
and decrease after failure.
Received: July 31, 2001; revised version: December 20, 2001
RID="*"
ID="*" I thank Jon Levin, Eric Maskin and Drew Fudenberg for valuable discussions, and Heski Bar-Isaac for comments on an
earlier draft. Financial support from the National Science Foundation (NSF grants SBR-9818981 and SES-0079876) is gratefully
acknowledged. This paper replaces an older (and incomplete) working paper titled “Reputation with Hidden Information”. 相似文献
139.
The Financial Times of London (FT) is a business newspaper, with daily editions published in the United Kingdom, continental Europe, the United States, and Asia, and an estimated daily readership of 10 million people. In 1999 the FT began to publish a ranking of what it considered to be the top business schools in the world. Since their inception, these rankings have become increasingly relied upon by potential students and business school administrators worldwide. The FT's ranking is unique compared with other rankings because of its special international focus. Given the prominence of these rankings and the FT's position as a well‐respected business newspaper, the question of providing assurance over the business school rankings that the FT provides is particularly challenging. 相似文献
140.
Steven Kates 《Journal of Business Ethics》1998,17(16):1871-1885
Political campaign advertising continues to be a controversial policy topic in advertising and marketing research. It is also a prime subject for investigating the ethical evaluations of consumers (or voters). The following study draws from postmodern communication theory and employs a qualitative research methodology in order to explore voters' intimate and subjective views about politics, candidates, and political advertising. The findings include emergent themes relating to significant media rituals in voters' lives, the cynical perspective of politics as a game, and the widespread disapproval and suspicion with which voters regard negative political advertising. Additionally, the a priori theme of political information as disinformation was proposed and expanded upon. Findings are discussed in light of a greater understanding of the appropriateness of the traditional versus the postmodern perspective of political communication, informants' construction of moral boundaries which help them determine right from wrong, acceptable vs. unacceptable political behaviours in this particular context. 相似文献