In the current era, governments are playing smaller roles in regulating workers’ rights internationally, and transnational
corporations (TNCs), non-governmental organisations (NGOs) involved in the struggle for workers’ rights, and labour/trade
unions have started to fill this governance gap. This paper focuses on the least researched of the relationships among these
three actors, the union–NGO relationship, by analysing the ways in which it affects definitions of TNC responsibility for
workers’ rights at their suppliers’ factories. Based on a qualitative study of the union–NGO relationship in the Swedish garment
industry between 1996 and 2005, we propose that there are six main configurations of union–NGO relationships. By linking these
configurations to their effects on TNC responsibility, we propose that co-ordination relationships between unions and NGOs, particularly high-commitment co-ordination relationships, are likely to result in a broadening of the definition of TNC responsibility, while conflictual relationships, both high and low commitment, result in a narrowing of the definition of TNC responsibility. The study indicates that co-operation is generally more beneficial
for both unions and NGOs than is any form of conflictual relationship, in terms of broadening the definition of TNC responsibility. 相似文献
The authors analyze the relationship between the geodemographic profile of consumers and retail format choice while accounting
for the effects of spatial convenience. The proposed analytic model assumes that format choice is an implicit portion of store
choice, such that a geodemographic profile functions as a determinant of format choice, and spatial convenience is a determinant
of store choice. The results show that some geodemographic dimensions capture preferences for certain store formats and thereby
facilitate retailers’ selection of geographic markets. The results also indicate that obviating the effect of spatial convenience
may lead to biased estimations. 相似文献
Purpose: The objective of this study is to contribute to the sales management literature by analyzing whether self-monitoring dimensions (the ability to adjust the presentation of one’s self and the sensitivity to the expressive behaviors of others) play a moderating role in the use of impression management—supervisor liking—performance rating nomological network.
Methodology/approach: Empirical analysis is based on dyadic data from 122 industrial salespeople and their sales managers in 9 different industries. Structural equation modelling was used to analyze the psychometric proprieties of the measurement scales, and conditional process analysis was used to test the proposed hypotheses.
Research implications: The results obtained indicate that the use of supervisor-focused impression management tactics is an indirect antecedent of a salesperson’s performance rating through sales manager liking, but not the self-focused tactics. Results also show that a self-monitoring dimension i.e., the ability to adjust the presentation of one’s self, moderates the “impression management—supervisor liking—performance rating” chain. These results provide an increased understanding of the processes involved in sales managers—salespeople’s interactions.
Practical implications: The main implication for salespeople is that the use of impression management tactics to influence performance ratings only is effective when they use supervisor-focused tactics because attempts to influence via self-focused tactics will not have any effect. The most important implication for sales managers’ is that not all impression management tactics are successfully executed and that the identification of combinations of impression management tactics and the levels of salespeople’s self-monitoring can positively influence performance appraisals by generating evaluative biases. Given that evaluative biases can produce inequitable behaviors by sales managers in the task assignments and support provided to the salespeople, it is important that sales managers are aware of when they can occur (i.e., when salespeople with a moderate ability to adjust their self-presentation use supervisor-focused tactics).
Originality/value/contribution of the article: This article contributes to the existing knowledge by two important means. First, this study proposes a model and presents an empirical test of constructs that mediate (i.e., supervisor liking) and moderate (i.e., self-monitoring dimensions) the “use of impression management tactics—sales manager liking—performance appraisal” relation. This model responds to calls for studies that analyze how impression management tactics are related to performance appraisal and when the relation between the use of these tactics and performance rating occurs. Two, this study uses data from both salespeople and their sales managers, which minimizes any risk of common method variance bias. 相似文献
This paper examines the impact of attribute presence/absence in choice experiments using covariance heterogeneity models and random coefficient models. Results show that attribute presence/absence impacts both mean utility (systematic components) and choice variability (random components). Biased mean effects can occur by not accounting for choice variability. Further, even if one accounts for choice variability, attribute effects can differ because of attribute presence/absence. Managers who use choice experiments to study product changes or new variants should be cautious about excluding potentially essential attributes. Although including more relevant attributes increases choice variability, it also reduces bias. 相似文献
Sustainable development (SD) – that is, “Development that meets the needs of current generations without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their needs and aspirations” – can be pursued in many different ways. Stakeholder relations
management (SRM) is one such way, through which corporations are confronted with economic, social, and environmental stakeholder
claims. This paper lays the groundwork for an empirical analysis of the question of how far SD can be achieved through SRM.
It describes the so-called SD–SRM perspective as a distinctive research approach and shows how it relates to the wider body
of stakeholder theory. Next, the concept of SD is operationalized for the microeconomic level with reference to important
documents. Based on the ensuing SD framework, it is shown how SD and SRM relate to each other, and how the two concepts relate
to other popular concepts such as Corporate Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility. The paper concludes that the
significance of societal guiding models such as SD and of management approaches like CSR is strongly dependent on their footing
in society.
Reinhard Steurer is a senior researcher and lecturer at the Research Institute for Managing Sustainability at the Vienna University
of Economics and Business Adminstration. His research focuses on the changing roles of states, businesses and civil societies
in the context of sustainable development. He is author and co-author of numerous articles, dealing with questions of how
governments and businesses tackle the challenge of sustainable development, and what the two societal domains can learn from
each other in doing so. He holds a Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Salzburg/Austria, and a Masters in Public
Policy from the University of Maryland/U.S.A.
Markus E. Langer studied ecology and environmental economics at the
University of Vienna and the Vienna University of Economics and Business Adminstration as well as industrial environmental
management at Yale University. He is currently working as
Managing Director of FORUM Umweltbildung. Previously he was working since 1999 as a senior researcher and lecturer at the
Research Institute for Managing Sustainability at the Vienna
University of Economics and Business Adminstration. His research focused on the Evaluation of Sustainable Development as well
as Corporate Social Responsibility and Stakeholder Management.
Astrid Konrad studied business administration at the University of Graz. She has been working at the Research Institute for
Managing Sustainability at the Vienna University of Economics and Business Adminstration since 2002. Her research focus is
on Corporate Social Responsibility and Stakeholder Management.
André Martinuzzi studied business adminstration at the Vienna
University of Economics and Business Administration. He is working as a project manager at the Department of Environmental
Economics and Management since 1993, as a lecturer at the Vienna University of Economics and Business Adminstration and leads
the Managing Sustainability Research Centre since 1999. Since 2001 he worked as a scientific coordinator of Austria’s Sustainability
Strategy. In 2003 he worked as a scientific editor of the Corporate Social Responsibility vision statement of the Austrian
Industry and as a process consultant for the Austrian Forest Program. Research areas: Eco-Consulting, Corporate Sustainability,
Evaluating Sustainable Development, Sustainability Strategies and Stakeholder Dialogues. 相似文献
Trade liberalization is thought to result in higher own-wage elasticities of labor demand, particularly for unskilled labor, with adverse implications for both labor market volatility and wage dispersion. The paper first argues that theoretically the link between liberalization and labor-demand elasticities is less clear than has previously been asserted. It then uses dynamic panel techniques to estimate labor-demand relations for manufacturing establishments in Chile, Colombia, and Mexico across periods of trade policy reform. The results do not strongly support the hypothesis that trade liberalization has a direct impact on own-wage elasticities. 相似文献
In those sectors faced with questions of food safety (meat, fruit, vegetables), new private labels have been set up in Europe
in order to restore consumer trust. In this paper, we perform a theoretical analysis of these private labels. We propose an
original model of vertical relationships between producers and retailers which takes into account two supply sources through
(i) a competitive spot market on which the retailers buy a minimum quality standard product and (ii) supply contracts aimed
at marketing higher quality private labels. We study how producers and retailers could cooperate in setting up these new labels.
From a public point of view, we show the complementarity of a moderate increase in public quality standards and the creation
of these new private labels.
JEL Classification L22. L23. Q13. Q18 相似文献
An integrated model of interpersonal deception, focusing on the particular characteristics and impacts of computer-mediated modalities, is derived and presented. Although there is a wealth of research investigating both mediated communication and deception, there has been relatively little empirical work at the intersection. Our purpose is to provide a model that spans these areas, to summarize relevant literature, and to advance a set of empirically testable propositions to guide future work. 相似文献
This paper re-examines the link between new firm formation and subsequent employment growth. It investigates whether it is
possible to have the wrong type of entrepreneurship—defined as new firm formation which leads to zero or even negative subsequent
employment growth. It uses a very similar approach to that of Fritsch and Mueller (Regional Studies, 38(8), 961–976, 2004),
confirming their findings that the employment impact of new firm formation is in three discrete phases. Then, using data for
Great Britain, the paper shows the employment impact of new firm formation is significantly positive in the high-enterprise
counties of Great Britain. However, for the low-enterprise counties, it shows that new firm formation has a negative effect
on employment. Of the 15 low-enterprise regions, eight are Scottish (of nine Scottish regions in our data base) and three
are North East Counties (of four). Our findings imply that having the “wrong type of entrepreneurship” is indeed possible.