The interactions between natural and physical capitals in the tourist lifecycle model

This paper presents a model of the interactions between natural resources and physical capital in the evolution of a tourist destination. The projected trajectory of the number of tourists approaches the classical lifecycle pattern. The post-stagnation phase is analyzed within the model, obtaining different patterns which depend on the impacts of physical capital on both demand and environmental degradation. The magnitudes of these impacts are determined by the type of tourism. An empirical application to the case of the tourist industry in the Canary Islands (Spain) is presented, showing that the model can represent the general characteristics of the post-stagnation phase of a tourist destination.     

Learning by doing,spillovers and shakeouts

This paper studies industry evolution driven by non strategic learning by doing and spillovers. We characterize a dynamic process of cost and output changes and its effect on welfare and industry profits. The paper gives conditions for shakeouts to occur and analyzes the key factors affecting these conditions. Since shakeouts could lead to a long-run social loss due to higher market concentration, there is a role for a government to play in limiting unnecessary shakeouts. The most effective way to do so is to enhance spillovers.JEL Classification: L11, L13, O31Correspondence to: Michael TroegeWe would like to thank Hans Mewis, Christophe Moussu and an anonymous referee for valuable comments and suggestions. We also benefited from comments of seminar participants at WZB, Humboldt University, Northwestern University and the EEA/ESEM 1999 meetings. Part of the research was carried out while Michael Tröge was visiting Northwestern University. Financial support by the German Research Council (DFG) is gratefully acknowledged.     

战略环境评价中的公众参与及实施条件分析

本文简要介绍了战略环境评价中公众参与的含义，着重分析了我国公众参与战略环境评价的重要意义和作用，并立足我国国情对实施有效的公众参与所必需的制度框架和技术方法进行了深入探讨。     

城市国民经济和社会发展规划战略环境评价研究——以武汉市为例

城市国民经济和社会发展规划编制是否科学．会直接影响到城市其他规划的科学性，对城市未来的发展及生态环境状况影响重大。本文论述了对城市国民经济和社会发展规划开展战略环境评价的必要性和重要性．并结合（《武汉市国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年总体规划纲要》探讨了我国城市国民经济和社会发展规划战略环境评价的技术思路和技术方法。     

Reinforcing the Link Between Contributions and Pensions: The Effect of the Population Aging

In this paper, we analyze a majority voting process on the earnings-related part of pension benefits in a Social Security system with flexible retirement. We show that the aging of the population may make it easier to implement one of the proposed reforms to achieve a delay in the average retirement age of workers, to reinforce the link between contributions and pensions.     

清洁生产评价在造纸行业环境影响评价中的应用研究

造纸工业是我国的重要产业之一,但同时又是污染较为严重的行业,造纸行业是环境影响评价关注的重要类别。为此,本文从清洁生产的角度,通过对某造纸企业的生产从原材料、产品、资源消耗和污染物排放为指标的清洁生产全过程进行综合评价,定量分析与评定出企业清洁生产的总体水平。以此为例,探讨和研究了造纸企业清洁生产评价方法、一般程序和评价内容。     

湖南八大公山国家级自然保护区国家重点保护和珍稀濒危植物区系分析

从属和种的水平上分析了八大公山国家级自然保护区国家重点保护和珍稀濒危植物的区系成分特点。结果表明,该保护区共有国家重点保护和珍稀濒危植物31科44属53种。其中有国务院1999年8月4日批准公布的I级重点保护植物4科4属6种,II级重点保护植物18科23属29种;有《中国珍稀濒危保护植物名录》(1987)和《中国植物红皮书》所列的濒危植物2科2属2种,稀有植物14科15属16种,渐危植物15科19属20种。其区系具有由亚热带植物区系向温带植物区系过渡,但热带性质比较明显的特点,而且中国特有成份是该区系中非常重要的组成部分。     

中美审计结果公告制度实施环境的比较及启示

审计结果公告在发达国家是一种通行做法,近年来我国也颁布了相关的法律法规,但完整的审计结果公告制度尚未建立。审计结果公告制度的建立是一个系统工程,受政府信息公开程度、审计模式、审计规范体系等环境因素的影响和制约。文章从以上环境因素着手,分析比较了中美审计结果公告制度的异同,以期对我国审计结果公告制度建立和健全提供参考。     

浅析计算机辅助编辑技术的应用

随着信息技术的不断发展,计算机的应用范围越来越大,在这过程中所出现的计算机辅助编辑技术,就是利用计算机来帮助传统出版进行编辑工作。在这其中利用技术来有效地收集信息,并且在网上完成对稿件的审核,在这其中包括校对、加工、目录等多方面的设计。一些出版单位应用计算机辅助编辑技术取得了较好的效果。论文首先说明计算机辅助编辑技术应用所存在的问题,然后说明提高计算机辅助编辑技术的策略。     

善因营销中的消费者感知和反应研究

善因营销是企业履行社会责任的重要战略形式，因兼顾企业、消费者、非营利组织、社会等多方利益而广受关注。消费者对企业及其善因营销行为的感知和反应是善因营销战略能否成功的关键。但影响感知和反应的因素错综复杂，包含了资助时间、规模、事项类型、企业声誉及消费者个性等不同方面。不同的企业应该区别对待。