Monetary Incentives and Recycling: Behavioural and Psychological Reactions to a Performance-Dependent Garbage Fee

The effects of offering monetary incentives for performing environmentally desirable behaviours are investigated in the context of a pay-by-weight scheme for garbage collection. Effects on different types of recycling and on the motivation behind recycling are investigated in a field setting based on a random sample (n = 1,955) drawn from two groups of three matched municipalities, where households in one group pay a fixed fee for garbage collection and in the other a fee depending on the weight of their garbage. The study shows that the latter group delivers more material to recycling and composts more in the garden. A substantial proportion of the effect is mediated through perceived self-efficacy and personal norms. The results are consistent with the proposition that government regulation communicates norms and responsibilities and therefore can enhance internalized motivation in the form of a moral norm.     

Measuring conditional cooperation: a replication study in Russia

We replicate the strategy-method experiment by Fischbacher et al. (Econ. Lett. 71:397–404, 2001) developed to measure attitudes towards cooperation in a one-shot public goods game. We collected data from 160 students at four different universities across urban and rural Russia. Using the classification proposed by Fischbacher et al. (2001) we find that the distribution of types is very similar across the four locations. The share of conditional cooperators in our Russian subject pools is comparable to the one found by Fischbacher et al. in a Swiss subject pool. However, the distribution of the other types differs from the one found in Switzerland.     

协约型环境模式的有效性及其对中国环境管理的启示

本文通过描述和分析协约型环境政策的基本演进过程,对协约型环境政策模式的效果及其实施背景进行了深入的评析,指出中国环境政策与环境实践仍处于欧洲环境管理演进历程的初级阶段的现实,对协约型环境政策模式作为“第三策略选择”在中国的环境政策中应用的可行性展开了讨论。     

Magnitude and evolution of gender and race contributions to earnings inequality across US regions

This paper studies individual characteristics of earnings inequality within the population of blacks and whites in the United States over the period 2005–2017. Beyond education and age serving as a proxy for professional experience, applying a new Shapley income decomposition methodology enables us to isolate and measure two discriminative factors in earnings differences: race and gender. We show that these two factors explain a significant share of total earnings inequality, as defined by the Gini index, for all the geographical administrative divisions used. Whatever the division, the share of earnings inequality associated with gender greatly exceeds that of race. While gender earnings inequality has fallen over time, inequality associated with race has tended to increase since 2010 and is stronger in the Southeast of the country.     

Self-censorship on Internal Social Media: A Case Study of Coworker Communication Behavior in a Danish Bank

Internal social media (ISM) or social intranets provide organizations with a communication arena in which coworkers can actively contribute to organizational communication. Coworkers are, however, far from impulsive and spontaneous when they communicate on ISM. A case study in a Danish bank found that coworkers considered carefully the consequences of their posts or comments before publishing them. These coworkers perceived four different risks associated with ISM communication, and they used seven self-censorship strategies to ensure that both the content and the formulation of their communication were relevant and appropriate. Coworkers not only censor themselves by withdrawing, as previous studies have suggested, but they also postpone publishing content, phrase or frame content differently, imagine responses from organizational members, ask others for a second opinion, choose another channel, or write only positive comments. Through these seven self-censorship strategies, coworkers retain the quality of communication on ISM and prevent conflict or relational damage. Future research should explore the self-regulation strategies underlying self-censorship in order to improve understanding of the circumstances that increase the likelihood of responsible use of ISM. The potential dark side of self-censorship also requires exploration: when can self-censorship threaten coworkers’ freedom of expression, and develop into organizational silence?