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11.
Policies to promote real-time metering (RTM) require more than showing benefits from more timely responses to variations in cost. They require positive externalities to imply that too few meters would be installed through private transactions. RTM presents no systematic externalities when utilities must serve peak period users, and may present negative externalities under some conditions. Positive externalities are likely when electricity is rationed through blackouts. RTM may or may not increase welfare when peak period wholesale markets are not competitive; a prohibition on RTM might be appropriate in such situations even if metering itself were costless. 相似文献
12.
Timothy Bates 《Small Business Economics》1995,7(5):377-388
Aspiring entrepreneurs choosing to become franchisees certainly expect to improve their chances of survival during the turbulent early years of business startup and operation. Alignment with a franchisor parent company offers the franchisee managerial assistance, access to financial capital, and access to markets via the right to utilize the parent company trademark. This study examines survival patterns among franchise and nonfranchise small firms started between 1984 and 1987: survival through late 1991 is tracked for all firms. Although the franchise operations are larger scale, better capitalized young firms, the independent business startups are found to be more profitable and their survival prospects are better than those of franchises.Research reported in this study was supported by the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars and it was conducted on-site at the Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Bureau of the Census. Findings expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. Suggestions and assistance from Alfred Nucci and Robert McGuckin are gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
13.
Timothy L. Sorenson 《Contemporary economic policy》2002,20(3):316-329
This article describes a repeated game of multimarket contact, designed to be played throughout an entire term. Besides enjoying reciprocal advantages in their home markets, firms are perfectly informed after every round about each other's decisions. For most of the game, it appears there is always a future in which to punish deviations, and (with the game's parameters) zero-cost punishments can always be implemented. Thus the game provides all the elements for an escape from the prisoner's dilemma. Theoretical foundations, predictions, and some results are also discussed. 相似文献
14.
15.
Gary J. Castrogiovanni George S. Vozikis Timothy Mescon 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2007,3(2):205-215
Business school deans’ feelings about the importance of various teaching research and service activities in the roles played
by holders of endowed chairs in Entrepreneurship were contrasted with the views of chair holders themselves, based on their
experiences. Differences were highlighted and discussed. Results suggest that the chair holder role is negotiated between
multiple constituencies, with deans’ influence being strong but limited. Implications for individuals aspiring to hold chairs
are discussed. 相似文献
16.
Gary J. Castrogiovanni George S. Vozikis Timothy Mescon 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2006,2(1):9-20
Major donations, especially for endowed chairs, put Colleges of Business and Universities in the spotlight and create a great
deal of excitement, highlighting the important role that educational institutions play in benefiting the students, the community,
and society in general. This kind of excitement needs to be sustained over time, signifying the link that the endowed Chair
or Professorship in Entrepreneurship creates between the past, the present, and the future. Consequently, there is a need
for a long-term personal connection and close relationship between the donor, the faculty holding the endowed chair, and the
institution represented by the Dean that should be preserved over time. This study reports findings of a survey of the perceptions
of AACSB Deans on what an Endowed Chair in Entrepreneurship is, and what it could, and should mean for their institution. 相似文献
17.
Regulating by capping prices 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Timothy J. Brennan 《Journal of Regulatory Economics》1989,1(2):133-147
18.
Tax competition and tax structure in open federal economies: Evidence from OECD countries with implications for the European Union 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Timothy J. Goodspeed 《European Economic Review》2002,46(2):357-374
Tax competition arguments suggest that governments that operate in an open economy (such as local governments) should not and will not rely on non-benefit taxes, such as the income tax. Yet we observe reliance on income taxes by local governments in many countries, and such reliance changes over time. Evidence from a panel data set of 13 OECD countries over the period 1975-1984 suggests that competition between levels of government (resulting in a vertical fiscal externality) and between governments at the same level (resulting in a horizontal fiscal externality) provide some economic rationale for these changes. Moreover, the evidence indicates that the vertical and horizontal fiscal externalities interact. These results have some interesting implications for fiscal policy in the European Union, particularly as the EU continues to evolve. One implication for the EU is that enlargement that increases tax base disparities within the EU (and is not accompanied by an EU-level income tax) will tend to lower national income tax rates, although this must be qualified because it also depends on the mobility of the population. A second implication is that fiscal expansion of the EU to include an EU-level income tax may tend to lower the reliance of national governments on income taxes through the vertical externality, but may also tend to equalize tax bases across countries, and so increase reliance on national income taxes through the horizontal externality. 相似文献
19.
Jonathan P. O'Brien Timothy B. Folta Douglas R. Johnson 《Managerial and Decision Economics》2003,24(8):515-533
In this paper we develop and test theory regarding whether entrepreneurs contemplating starting a new venture account for the value of the option to defer the entry decision. While others have illuminated the theoretical applicability of real options theory to entrepreneurship, empirical evidence in this context is lacking. Consistent with predictions derived from real options theory, we find that high uncertainty in the target industry dissuades entry, and that the irreversibility of the entry decision moderates this relationship. Furthermore, we find that the irreversibility of the investment decision can be influenced by industry‐level, firm‐level and even individual‐level factors. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
Summary The use of general equilibrium models in applied research imposes a discipline in which model structures can easily be compared and contrasted and model results can be interpreted using a well understood and rigorously developed theoretical framework. These features allow researchers to compare results across modeling efforts and to build on the experience of others in deriving results and formulating questions. This paper first presents a brief critical history of applied general equilibrium analysis. It then summarizes the contributions of eight other papers in this issue.We are grateful to Gary Hansen, Ellen McGrattan, and Richard Rogerson for helpful discussions of this paper. We also want to thank the members of the Applied Theory Workshop at the University of Minnesota, who helped referee and edit the papers in this issue: Fernando Alvarez, Raphael Bergoeing, Betsy Caucutt, Ricardo Cavalcanti, Antonia Diaz, Ron Edwards, Andres Erosa, Terry Fitzgerald, Ron Gecan, Doug Gollin, Karine Moe, François Ortalo-Magne, and Marcelo Veracierto. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis or the Federal Reserve System. 相似文献