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131.
132.
Real options and MNE strategies in Asia Pacific 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Asia Pacific offers a lot of promising growth opportunities, but it also presents high levels of uncertainty for multinational
enterprises (MNEs). In this paper, we introduce real options theory as a theory of investment under uncertainty, and we discuss
its implications for MNEs and their strategies with a focus on the emerging economies in Asia Pacific. We suggest that MNEs
must recognize the various sources of uncertainty, as well as the various options embedded in their investments, and real
options theory can help them structure and design their investments to benefit from uncertainty. In particular, MNEs need
to develop the dynamic capabilities of managing real options in their investments to respond to the evolving economic and
institutional environment in the region. This paper also provides several implications for policy makers in Asia Pacific to
stimulate investment activities in the region and to help their firms venture successfully in the international market place.
Tony W. Tong is an Assistant Professor of Strategic Management at the Leeds School of Business at the University of Colorado. He obtained his Ph.D. from The Ohio State University. His current research applies real options theory to study firms’ corporate development activities and growth initiatives. His research in these areas has been published or accepted in journals such as the Academy of Management Journal, the Journal of International Business Studies, and Organization Science. Jing Li is an Assistant Professor of International Business at the Faculty of Business Administration at Simon Fraser University, Canada. Her research focuses on alliance activities in China, capability building of Chinese firms, and applications of real options theory to international strategy. Her research in these areas has appeared in the Journal of World Business, Advances in Strategic Management, and Managerial and Decision Economics. 相似文献
Jing LiEmail: |
Tony W. Tong is an Assistant Professor of Strategic Management at the Leeds School of Business at the University of Colorado. He obtained his Ph.D. from The Ohio State University. His current research applies real options theory to study firms’ corporate development activities and growth initiatives. His research in these areas has been published or accepted in journals such as the Academy of Management Journal, the Journal of International Business Studies, and Organization Science. Jing Li is an Assistant Professor of International Business at the Faculty of Business Administration at Simon Fraser University, Canada. Her research focuses on alliance activities in China, capability building of Chinese firms, and applications of real options theory to international strategy. Her research in these areas has appeared in the Journal of World Business, Advances in Strategic Management, and Managerial and Decision Economics. 相似文献
133.
134.
Tony Emmett 《Development Southern Africa》2000,17(4):501-518
Although community participation still enjoys a high level of support across various sectors in South Africa, its practice is fraught with conceptual and practical difficulties. This paper starts out by examining some of the problems and limitations associated with community participation, including the heterogeneity and fragmentation of many poor communities, the lack of social and material resources and community members' expectations of receiving a return from their involvement in development projects. Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) or participatory learning and action (PLA) is used as an example to illustrate some of the conceptual and theoretical limitations that characterise most approaches to participatory development. In particular it is argued that approaches such as PRA/PLA lack the theoretical basis for effectively getting to grips with the problems of participatory development. What is needed is a conceptual framework not only to understand the responses of communities, but also to locate such communities within their socio-economic contexts. The second part of the paper therefore examines three developments in social science theory that may be able to contribute to the development of a richer conceptual framework for popular participation. These are the concept of social capital, the asset-based approach to development, and the debate around the role of the state in development. 相似文献
135.
Tony zhao 《中国对外贸易(英文版)》2008,(8):44-45
Although with 2.8 trillion cubic meters total water resources and more than 10 million cubic meters ground water,China is a country with limited water resources in terms of per capita. 相似文献
136.
This article examines popular representations of accountants’ ethics by studying their depiction in cinema. As a medium that
both reflects and shapes public opinion, films provide a useful resource for exploring the portrayal of the profession’s ethics.
We employ a values theoretical framework to analyze 110 movie accountants on their basic ethical character, ethical behavior,
and values. We use factor analysis to reduce 22 personal characteristics to five factors encompassing two terminal and three
instrumental value sets, which we relate to ethical behavior. Findings indicate that in popular cinema, the ethical behavior
of accountants is positively associated with intrinsic terminal values, but negatively related to competency (instrumental)
values. 相似文献
137.
An Entrepreneurial Perspective of Institutional Change 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tony Fu–Lai Yu 《Constitutional Political Economy》2001,12(3):217-236
Utilizing Kirzner's theory of entrepreneurial discovery, Schumpeter's two types of economic responses and the Austrian theory of institutions as building blocks, this paper constructs an entrepreneurial theory of institutional change. Focusing on the coordinating role of human institutions, this paper argues that entrepreneurial extraordinary discovery destroys the stability of institutions and creates uncertainty in the market (creative response). As a result, institutions are incapable of coordinating economic activities because market participants' stocks of knowledge are no longer adequate to solve new problems. Hence, profit gaps or mismatches of market participants' plans occur. Given new technologies, new relative prices and tastes, imitative entrepreneurs soon identify and capitalize on the opportunities created by Schumpeterian extraordinary discoveries (adaptive response). Imitators improve production methods, modify rules and alter property rights in order to improve coordination. Through learning, experimentation, trial and error, the more rewarding methods are then selected. Successful actions are imitated and repeated in the market, and gradually crystallized into new institutions which once again serve as social coordinators. 相似文献
138.
This paper provides additional empirical evidence on the topic of the effectiveness and the impact of Federal Reserve intervention on U.S. exchange rates. Using a daily measure of exchange rate intervention in the yen/dollar and mark/dollar exchange markets for the period January 3, 1985 to March 19, 1997, this paper finds a statistically significant impact of intervention on spot rates. A generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity exchange rate equation is used to measure the impact of intervention on exchange rate uncertainty. This study finds that intervention is associated with a significant increase in the interday conditional variance (uncertainty) of both bilateral spot exchange rates. This supports the view of Friedman and Schwartz that exchange rate intervention serves to destabilize the foreign exchange market by introducing additional levels of exchange rate uncertainty. 相似文献
139.
Mitzi M. Montoya‐Weiss Tony M. O'Driscoll 《Journal of Product Innovation Management》2000,17(2):143-161
A new product originates from an idea, or in many cases, integration of multiple ideas. The process of transforming an idea into a robust concept requires definition of the underlying technologies, identification of expected customer benefits, and assessment of the market opportunity. The idea-development and subsequent idea-selection stages of new product development are often referred to as the "fuzzy front end" because they typically involve ad hoc decisions and ill-defined processes. To address this shortcoming, Nortel developed an idea-to-opportunity front-end process that provides a consistent and structured approach for idea development and evaluation. This article describes the process and how it was implemented using electronic performance support technology. 相似文献
140.
A growing number of investment managers claim to integrate environmental, social, and governance considerations into their investment strategy and processes, but few have described how they do so in depth. Even fewer reinforce the importance of sustainability within their own firms by becoming a certified ‘B Corporation.’ This article offers a rare, inside look at how one such value‐oriented manager uses ESG as a tool for differentiated investment sourcing, underwriting, and corporate engagement with the aim of achieving superior risk‐adjusted returns. One of the main arguments of the article—and a key principle of the firm's investment approach—is that ESG, as applied to both corporate strategy and operations, is an important factor in determining a company's cost of capital. The authors present specific examples of their investment process at work, highlighting how active engagement with management on ESG issues can catalyze progress that becomes valued by the capital markets. 相似文献