Managing cross-country skiing destinations under the conditions of climate change - Scenarios for destinations in Austria and Finland

Winter sports resorts in general, and cross-country skiing destinations in particular, will need to address the impacts of climate change in the near future. This study uses the results of a discrete choice experiment to investigate likely skier responses to various destination scenarios under possible adaptation strategies to climate change. The heterogeneity of skiers is accounted for in a latent class model resulting in three segments of Austrian and Finnish skiers respectively. The results show that it is less risky for Austrian destinations to introduce technical adaptation, as well as to expand into additional offers, compared to Finland. The main reasons seem to be the strong tradition of cross-country skiing in Finland combined with a clear aversion toward user fees. The study serves as an example for using results of a stated choice survey to evaluate future destination scenarios and provide market intelligence for management and target marketing.     

Dueling Jackpots: Are Competing Lotto Games Complements or Substitutes?

This paper considers the relationship that exists between two lottery products offered simultaneously in the same state, a smaller lottery game run by the individual state and a larger multi-state game run in coordination with other states. The primary issue is whether the two different products should be considered substitutes or complements for one another. The question is considered from two different perspectives that lead to a conclusion that while the two products do tend to be complements to one another, overall the individually run state lottery games experience a reduction in sales from the presence of the multi-state game.     

Recombinant Slave Equilibria and Their Cure: Living Wage Full Employment

Scapegoating and slavery are effects of ordinary necessitous interpersonal relations that are naturally selected, extant in all familial and societal hierarchal equilibria, and evolved from primordial parasitism through our primate cousins in order to manage uncertainty. As such, slavery predates and survives all legal strictures. Although social equilibria have progressed equitably in the developed world, it is suggested that slavery's modern cure will only be found by precluding the genetic proclivity to exclude with an actual living-wage, full-employment economy.     

Criteria for screening new industrial products

Screening new industrial product ideas—the initial GO/NO GO decision in the new product process—is a critical decision. This article reports the results of an extensive investigation into what criteria managers use in their screening decisions, and how these criteria are weighted and combined.     

Establishment modes and network relationships of foreign subsidiaries

This research examines the effects of the establishment mode of foreign subsidiaries (greenfield vs acquisition) on the type of network relationships (social vs business) they develop in local markets. The authors use the network approach to better understand the role played by local subsidiaries for the development of networks in multinational enterprises. The empirical study is based on a dataset covering 120 foreign-owned subsidiaries in Italy. The findings show that acquired subsidiaries are more directly involved in business relationships, whereas greenfield subsidiaries pay more attention to social relationships before building business networks. The establishment mode thus affects the type of network relationships developed by local subsidiaries, which can help them to overcome the liabilities of foreignness and outsidership.     

Rahmenbedingungen für den Emissionsrechtehandel in Deutschland

Deutschland hat sich mit dem Kyoto-Protokoll verpflichtet, seine klimasch?dlichen Emissionen zu reduzieren. Dies soll neben anderen Instrumenten auch durch einen Emissionsrechtehandel gew?hrleistet werden. Wie sieht die genaue Ausgestaltung in Europa und Deutschland aus? Beeintr?chtigt das Vergabeverfahren der Zertifikate die Kosteneffizienz dieses umweltpolitischen Instrumentes? Dr. Ulrike Berger-K?gler, 42, ist Leiterin der Abteilung Regulierung bei der debitel AG in Stuttgart.     

English in Product Advertisements in Non-English-Speaking Countries in Western Europe: Product Image and Comprehension of the Text

ABSTRACT

Although English has been shown to be the most frequently used foreign language in product advertisements in countries where it is not the native language, little is known about its effects. This article examines the response to advertisements in English compared to the response to the same ad in the local language in Western Europe on members of the target group for which the ad was intended: 715 young, highly educated female consumers. The use of English in a product ad does not appear to have any impact on image and price of the product, but it does affect text comprehension: the meaning of almost 40% of the English phrases was not understood. These results were the same for all countries involved in the study, irrespective of whether the respondents’ (self-) reported proficiency in English is high or low.     

„Produkt- und Communitymanagement bei der Weltmarke MINI“

Marketing LimitsInterview

„Produkt- und Communitymanagement bei der Weltmarke MINI“ Dr. Wolfgang Armbrecht leitet seit Anfang 2008 das weltweite Brandmanagement MINI. Im Interview erl?utert er zentrale Erfolgsfaktoren des MINI-Marketingkonzepts und zeigt zukünftige Entwicklungspotenziale auf     

Microfinance in Times of Crisis: The Effects of Competition, Rising Indebtedness, and Economic Crisis on Repayment Behavior

This paper analyzes repayment determinants for loans from Caja Los Andes, a Bolivian microlender. The analysis focuses on the influence of recent changes in Bolivia. In particular, we examine the effects of the rapidly growing supply of microloans, the increasing competition, a rising level of indebtedness among microentrepreneurs, and the recent economic crisis. Our results show a twofold influence structure of competition and indebtedness. First, clients with loans from multiple sources at the same time are found to be more likely to default than others. Second, clients with given characteristics have an overall better repayment behavior in areas with higher competition and a higher supply of microloans.