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191.
Modeling the incidence of self‐employment has traditionally proved problematic. Although the supply‐side characteristics of the self‐employed are well documented, we argue that the literature has neglected demand‐side aspects. We explore the determinants of self‐employment using the U.S. Survey of Consumer Finances. We present results from an econometric framework that allows us to model, separately and simultaneously, the influences of individual heterogeneity (i.e., supply‐side factors) and employment type heterogeneity (i.e., demand‐side factors) on the probability of self‐employment. Our findings suggest that while individual characteristics are important determinants of self‐employment, there are factors specific to the type of employment that influence self‐employment. (JEL J23, J33, C25, C10) 相似文献
192.
Panagiotis N. Fotis Michael L. Polemis Nikolaos E. Zevgolis 《Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade》2011,11(1):67-89
This paper examines the possible effect of the derogation from suspension of concentrations by the Hellenic Competition Commission
(HCC) on the stock performance of the requested companies. For this reason, we examined 16 companies listed in the Athens
Stock Exchange (A.S.E) that are involved to 13 requested derogations from suspension during the period 1995–2008 by applying
and assessing the results of three different event study methodologies (market model, mean adjusted return model and market
adjusted return model). From the empirical findings, we conclude that the argument of the requested companies concerning the
subsequent negative effect on their stock performance if the derogation from suspension by the HCC is delayed or not granted
does not hold. On the contrary, the average abnormal and cumulative returns of the requested companies are positive and statistical
significant. In addition, the results of the three event study methodologies are robust. 相似文献
193.
Many new and proposed emissions trading systems involve multiple countries and regions. The introduction of interregional trading raises questions about how flexible state- or national-level authorities should be in allowing individual firms to trade with firms or authorities in other states or countries. This paper uses laboratory methods to evaluate the efficiency and pricing performance of linking trading across regions at the firm-to-firm level. In one treatment, individual firms trade directly with firms or authorities in other regions. We compare performance in this treatment to an intergovernmental trading treatment, where emissions trading is restricted to occur only between intermediaries. A baseline treatment of autarky, where firms only trade with other firms in their country or region, provides a benchmark to assess the efficiency benefits of allowing linking. Although efficiency and price discovery are both improved by allowing intermediation in linked permit markets, we find that further gains can be realized through direct firm to firm trading. Buyers in high cost regions and sellers in low cost regions benefit the greatest from linking. 相似文献
194.
We examine the innovation performance of MNE subsidiaries and their embeddedness in sources of local knowledge in a policy
framework within the context of an emerging economy. Based on first-hand evidence from multiple case studies, we found that:
(1) there was variability between the subsidiaries in terms of the cumulative manner and speed at which they improved their
innovation performance over time, using progressively levels of accumulated capability as a proxy; (2) these differences in
innovation performance improvement reflected heterogeneity between the subsidiaries in terms of the learning efforts made to acquire knowledge from local organizations; (3) the varied frequency in which the subsidiaries developed such local
relationships reflects their differing responses to a common industrial policy that makes use of tax incentives to stimulate
such links. The paper reveals the limitations of this conventional type of industrial policy in stimulating industrial development
and the embeddedness of MNEs. It also suggests that a new direction for policy, which incorporates public–private negotiations
and a focus on the firm-centred building of innovation capabilities, should be pursued in order to accelerate the innovation
performance progress of latecomer firms. 相似文献
195.
196.
197.
Cristiana M. FrittaionAuthor Vitae Peter N. DuinkerAuthor VitaeJill L. GrantAuthor Vitae 《Technological Forecasting and Social Change》2011,78(3):421-430
Scenario analysis is an approach to long-term planning that informs decision-making in contexts of highly uncertain future conditions. Scenario-based studies are rapidly growing in popularity, yet many aspects of the method are not fully understood. Participants' willingness to suspend disbelief in possible futures is an integral component of scenario-based studies, essential for considering alternative future scenarios, yet little is known about the factors that affect it. Participation in a scenario project does not necessarily imply willingness or ability to suspend disbelief; participants may not suspend disbelief simply upon request. However, the scenario literature says little about the aspects of scenario-based studies that influence suspension of disbelief.This article explores the factors that influenced the suspension of disbelief in one scenario exercise about the future of Canada's forests. Participants differed in their abilities to suspend disbelief in the scenarios in part because of their past experiences and expertise in particular areas, and their assessments of probable and desired future outcomes. Elements of the project design and implementation influenced participants' abilities to engage the scenarios. The results have implications for those interested in using scenarios for helping people and communities envision possible - and sustainable - futures. 相似文献
198.
Brian P. Brown Alex R. Zablah Danny N. Bellenger Wesley J. Johnston 《International Journal of Research in Marketing》2011,28(3):194-204
The dominant perspective on organizational buying behavior suggests that buyers tend to rely on objective criteria when making product choice decisions and that the potential influence of subjective cues, such as brands, on buyer decision making decreases with increasing risk. An alternative perspective, confirmed in this study by in-depth interviews with various managers, suggests that brands serve as a risk-reduction heuristic, whereby the influence of brands on decision making increases as a function of risk. Building on risk and information processing theories, this research builds on these complementary perspectives to propose that risk and brand sensitivity relate in a U-shaped manner, where brand sensitivity is highest in relatively low- or high-risk situations. The results of scenario- and survey-based field studies—involving 206 and 180 members of buying centers, respectively—suggest that both perspectives have merit and support the proposed nonlinear relationship. Moreover, the findings reveal that the risk-brand sensitivity relationship is moderated by competitive intensity, such that the linear (negative) and quadratic (positive) effects are stronger when competitive intensity is low. 相似文献
199.
This paper focuses on the innovative actions of entrepreneurs, namely their tendency to reveal the intellectual capital that
results from their research efforts either in the form of public knowledge (publications) or private knowledge (patents).
Using data collected by the National Research Council within the US National Academies from their survey of firm’s that received
National Institutes of Health phase II Small Business Innovation Research awards between 1992 and 2001, we find that entrepreneurs
with academic backgrounds are more likely to publish their intellectual capital compared with entrepreneurs with business
backgrounds, who are more likely to patent their intellectual capital. We also find that, when universities are research partners,
their presence complements the tendencies of academic entrepreneurs but does not offset those of business entrepreneurs. 相似文献
200.
This paper presents a modeling methodology capable of accounting for spatial correlation across choice alternatives in discrete choice modeling applications. Many location choice (e.g., residential location, workplace location, destination location) modeling contexts involve choice sets where alternatives are spatially correlated with one another due to unobserved factors. In the presence of such spatial correlation, traditional discrete choice modeling methods that are often based on the assumption of independence among choice alternatives are not appropriate. In this paper, a Generalized Spatially Correlated Logit (GSCL) model that allows one to represent the degree of spatial correlation as a function of a multi-dimensional vector of attributes characterizing each pair of location choice alternatives is formulated and presented. The formulation of the GSCL model allows one to accommodate alternative correlation mechanisms rather than pre-imposing restrictive correlation assumptions on the location choice alternatives. The model is applied to the analysis of residential location choice behavior using a sample of households drawn from the 2000 San Francisco Bay Area Travel Survey (BATS) data set. Model estimation results obtained from the GSCL are compared against those obtained using the standard multinomial logit (MNL) model and the spatially correlated logit (SCL) model where only correlations across neighboring (or adjacent) alternatives are accommodated. Model findings suggest that there is significant spatial correlation across alternatives that do not share a common boundary, and that the GSCL offers the ability to more accurately capture spatial location choice behavior. 相似文献