Product variety,sourcing complexity,and the bottleneck of coordination

Research summary: This paper studies the coordination burden for firms that pursue variety as their main product strategy. We propose that product variety magnifies the tension between scale economies in production and scope economies in distribution, giving rise to complex sourcing relationships. Sourcing complexity worsens performance and poses a dilemma for organization design: A hierarchical structure with intermediate coordinating units such as sourcing hubs reduces sourcing complexity for downstream distribution but creates bottlenecks at the hubs, hurting performance for both the hubs and downstream distribution. We empirically examine operations data for about 300 distribution centers within a major soft drink bottling company in 2010–2011. Results support our hypotheses, illuminating the source of complexity in multi‐product firms and the challenge for organization design in managing complexity. Managerial summary: This paper uses data for about 300 distribution centers within a major soft drink bottling company to study how a large product variety creates complex sourcing networks. We find that, in addition to poor performance (e.g., increased stockouts), complex sourcing networks can cause challenges for organization design. In particular, the benefits of converting an existing distribution center into a sourcing hub (i.e., reduction in sourcing complexity for downstream distribution) and the costs of doing so (i.e., reduction in performance for both the hubs and downstream distribution) are both real and significant. The design of an efficient sourcing network despite its complexity involves important managerial decisions. Experiences in building and managing such networks can be the basis of a dynamic capability. © 2016 The Authors. Strategic Management Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

广东现代农业发展成就、条件与战略分析

随着现代化进程的加快,广东农业现代化取得了长足的进展,农业科技创新能力和机械化水平不断提高,农业结构不断优化,特色农业、效益农业蓬勃发展。本文对广东现代农业发展成就,发展的有利与不利条件进行了探讨,并对未来广东现代农业发展战略进行了分析。     

FDI对中国房地产业技术效率的影响——基于中国省际房地产业面板数据的实证研究

本文运用随机前沿生产函数模型，基于中国省际1999-2004年房地产业面板数据，计量分析了房地产业FDI对中国房地产业技术效率的影响。研究结果表明：（1）中国房地产业技术效率水平呈稳步增长的趋势，但整体水平偏低，且区域差异显著，东部地区房地产业平均技术效率要高出中西部地区57．7％；（2）FDI对中国房地产业技术效率整体水平的影响统计上不显著，这表明从总体上看FDI对改善中国房地产业技术效率作用不大。（3）FDI对促进东部地区房地产业技术效率增长作用显著，但对中西部房地产业技术效率没有产生实质性的影响。这说明FDI对中国房地产业技术效率的影响具有显著酶区域差异性。     

发展浆用竹林 助推竹纸结合

分析了加快浆用竹林建设、发展竹浆造纸的必要性与紧迫性。认为制约我国竹材制浆造纸的主要因素是:竹材原料的结构性矛盾限制了竹材造纸产业的规模扩张;竹材利用的可替代性与制浆造纸的比较不经济性决定了竹材制浆造纸原料供给缺乏保障;竹浆造纸行业资金技术密集性与纤维资源限制性制约了竹浆产业规模及技术水平的提高。提出了加快我国浆用竹林建设、推动竹浆造纸的发展策略,即坚持走项目大型化、技术高端化、原料供应基地化路线。     

技术创新系统分析

加强技术创新,发展高科技,实现产业化是我国实现跨世纪发展的战略目标。技术创新是一个企业、一个国家保持持续增长的关键,它包括产品创新、工艺创新和服务创新。管理创新（包括制度创新和组织创新）对技术创新起支撑作用;市场创新推动和促进技术创新;观念、教育、知识创新是技术创新的基础和源泉。创新系统相互作用,为技术创新提供了良好的外部环境。     

关于西部大开发中实施绿色产业政策的思考

生态环境对中国西部至关重要,保持生态平衡是西部开发的任务之一,我们不仅要把它作为一项产业政策,而且要实施无污染的产业政策。     

Warehouse location problems for air freight forwarders: a challenge created by the airport relocation

The move of Hong Kong International Airport from the city centre to a suburban area in July 1998 provided sufficient capacity to meet the increasing demand of passenger and air-cargo flows in Hong Kong in the foreseeable future. However, the move has adverse side effects such as causing the readjustment of many existing systems and creating many imminent strategic problems. One of such problems is the warehouse location of freight forwarders: they have to decide whether they should locate their warehouses in the new airport, in current locations, or in new locations somewhere in the city. This paper delineates the results of a survey conducted in the summer of 1997 before the airport was relocated. The survey asked what decisions the freight forwarders had made and how they evaluated some potential warehouse locations. The paper also considers two mathematical models, which explain and predict, respectively, the location pattern of freight forwarder warehouses before and after the relocation of the airport.     

新规制经济学俘获理论在房地产宏观调控中的应用

本文认为地方政府与房地产合谋是中央政府宏观调控能力降低、房价仍持续上涨的主要原因.运用新规制经济学的俘获理论,构建了一个委托人/管理者/代理人的两层委托代理模型,设计出防范合谋的最优机制,指出现实中机制不能执行的原因,最后给出政策建议.     

从市场需求分析电子商务人才的培养

电子商务的发展用一句话来表述就是“时间很短，发展极快”。1997年我国开始出现电子商务，截至目前中国电子商务市场获得了飞速的发展。《2004年中国B2B电子商务研究报告》数据显示，截至2004年底，中国电子商务市场规模已经达到了3200亿元人民币，预计，到2007年中国电子商务市场总体规模将会达到17000亿元人民币。     

中国西部大学生旅游消费现状调查和对策——以宝鸡市为例

目的:总结西部大学生旅游消费的特点,并据此提出可行的对策;方法:运用问卷调查的方法;过程:以宝鸡市部分在校大学生为研究对象,分析他们旅游意向、旅游时间和地点、旅游消费方式、旅游经费来源、旅游消费结构和旅游消费行为的影响;结论:有以下几点:①大部分大学生打算去旅游,从来没有打算去旅游的人主要是来自农村的学生,主要经济原因;②大学生旅游的目的主要是休闲散心,增长见闻,所以选择的景点主要是自然风景区和民族风情区;③大学生大都选择寒暑假出游;④大学生更愿意与情侣出游,很少人选择与父母出游,而且倾向于自助游;⑤大学生旅游花费来源主要来自父母。