Some current topics of labour migration in Europe

The imposition of immigration bans ended an era of large-scale labour migration in Western Europe. Migration policy will have to centre on the consolidation and integration of the foreign population.     

Aspects of labour planning

According to the latest census of April 1, 1971, India had a total population of about 547 million, of which 184 million were the potential labour force (i.e., all employed persons and all the unemployed, taken together). As the population growth is still accelerating, it is foreseen that the country’s population will reach about 695 million by 1981 which means that new jobs should be found every year for six million potential workers.     

Betreuungsrecht: Hier hakt’s

Zusammenfassung  Vollmacht oder Rechtliche Betreuung — Wenn Menschen aufgrund einer psychischen Krankheit oder einer k?rperlichen, geistigen oder seelischen Behinderung nicht mehr in der Lage sind, ihre pers?nlichen Angelegenheiten zu regeln, ben?tigen sie eine Person, die diese Aufgaben für sie übernimmt. Existiert keine Vorsorgevollmacht, bestellt das Vormundschaftsgericht auf Antrag oder von Amts wegen einen Rechtlichen Betreuer.     

Russia’s foreign trade and the economic reforms

The Russian Federation now faces a totally new beginning as regards the shaping of its foreign trade relations. The demands made upon its external economic policy by the changes in the political and economic systems on the one hand and the collapse of the formerly unified economic zone of the Soviet Union on the other are so great that, in many respects, consistent answers have yet to be found. To what extent has the Russian government so far succeeded in developing a new foreign trade regime?     

The Alchemy of the Can Opener: How an Austrian Economist Found Himself Supporting Dictatorial Imposition of a Liberal Order

Why would Hayek, the great critic of ‘rational constructivism’ and defender of spontaneous orders, think a transitional dictatorship could work? Here I attempt to dissect the alchemy of ‘turning a constitution into a can opener’ as Farrant &; McPhail (2014 Farrant, A., &; McPhail, E. (2014) Can a Dictator Turn a Constitution into a Can-opener: F. A. Hayek and the Alchemy of Transitional Dictatorship in Chile, Review of Political Economy, 26(3), pp. 331–348.[Taylor &; Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]) put it. Hayek argues against the imposition by an external source of order upon a society. He stresses the importance of an evolving culture and tradition, noting that they should be spontaneous orders not command systems, and that the culture of a society must be accepting and supportive of its institutions. Sometimes the culture is more important than the formal institutions of a society for efficiency. So why would Hayek argue that a transitional dictator could impose a constitution upon the people? It will be argued here that if Hayek had pursued the theoretical line set out in his Constitution of Liberty, he might have responded to the situation in Chile differently.     

The effect of working time preferences and fair wage perceptions on entrepreneurial intentions among employees

To date, little is known about how working time preferences and fair wage perceptions affect employees’ entrepreneurial intentions. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study, we provide first evidence that the difference between the actual and desired amount of working hours in paid employment is positively related to the propensity to switch to self-employment. Furthermore, our analysis supports the hypothesis that employees who perceive their current wage level as very unfair are more likely to have higher entrepreneurial intentions. However, the closer actual wages get to the wage levels perceived as fair, the more employees are likely to remain in their current employment situation. We also tested the interaction effect of working time preferences and fair wage perceptions. In line with our theoretical considerations, we find that employees who perceive their wages as unfair and, simultaneously, prefer different work hours have the strongest entrepreneurial intentions.