浅谈知识经济社会的高等职业教育特点

本文分析了知识经济社会的主要特点及其知识经济社会的教育内涵 ;并且结合德国“双元制”教学模式及其对我国高职教育的借鉴和启示 ,重点论述了知识经济社会的高等职业教育的特点和途径。     

浅谈自由软件Linux的发展、特点与现状

在现阶段的社会中，自由软件Linux是最适合发展中国家使用的操作系统，它有着鲜明的特点和良好的发展前景。     

税务征收体制下的基本养老保险个人缴费基数:问题、机制与对策

个人缴费基数是基本养老保险制度的关键参量之一。我国现行的个人缴费基数政策主要问题在于:一是核定过程复杂且难度大,因核定不到位导致的少缴和漏缴现象突出;二是以上年度月平均工资作为当期缴费基数的规定不合理;三是以职工平均工资的60%作为缴费基数下限加重了低工资收入者的缴费负担,易对其形成制度性挤出;四是社会保险费的征管流程存在制度性漏洞。在统筹推进基本养老保险全国统筹和社会保险费征收体制改革的关键时期,完善个人缴费基数政策应以增强规范性和统一性为重点。基于个人缴费基数的"两阶段"形成机制,本文建议应考虑工资结构差异,对企业职工、机关事业单位职工和灵活就业人员分别使用排除法、列举法和定额法来核定应缴费工资;将缴费基数下限降低至各地最低工资标准;将计算周期改为与工资、薪金所得个人所得税保持一致,实现税费同步计算、同征同管。     

Poverty,population and environmental degradation in China

This article examines the relationship between poverty, population, and environmental degradation in China. Environmental conditions include water pollution, deforestation, destruction of grasslands, soil erosion, and salinization. The authors review China's success in controlling environmental degradation through leadership, environmental policies, and institutional capacity. Findings suggest that environmental progress is best achieved indirectly by poverty alleviation, market integration, and population control. Government policies were not very effective. Degradation occurs due to limited financial resources, poorly trained personnel, and political factors. Control of water pollution was instituted since the 1980s. The levels of pollutants have been reduced, but the type of pollutant determines the seriousness of impact. Water pollution is due to industrial wastes, agricultural run-off, and soil erosion. Since the 1970s, reforestation targets have not been met. Technical extension and monitoring of planting is not available in most areas, and private, profit seeking interests control acreage. Grassland destruction is due to deforestation, agricultural expansion, and overgrazing. Independent regional authorities have successfully managed pasture programs. Erosion is the most serious in Loess Plateau, the Red Soils area, the Northeast China Plain, and the Northwest Grasslands, which comprise 70% of total land area. In 1990, erosion control was practiced in 39% of eroded land area. Salinization has remained fairly constant. Environmental controls (direct regulation, planned recovery, and state-mandated technological improvements) are uneven. The main tool for environmental management is the State Environmental Protection Commission and its executive unit, SEPA. Problems stem from vague laws, lack of means of enforcement, lack of coordination of laws, and lack of standards, schedules, and other provisions in ordinances.     

How Often to Sample a Continuous-Time Process in the Presence of Market Microstructure Noise

In theory, the sum of squares of log returns sampled at highfrequency estimates their variance. When market microstructurenoise is present but unaccounted for, however, we show thatthe optimal sampling frequency is finite and derives its closed-formexpression. But even with optimal sampling, using say 5-minreturns when transactions are recorded every second, a vastamount of data is discarded, in contradiction to basic statisticalprinciples. We demonstrate that modeling the noise and usingall the data is a better solution, even if one misspecifiesthe noise distribution. So the answer is: sample as often aspossible.     

社区信用制度创新与中小企业融资

在尚未建立民营商业银行的情况下，为了解决中小企业融资难问题，鼓励民营企业建立社区信用组织是一个风险和成本均较低的选择。本文介绍了神户中小企业社区信用组织创造性地运用民间金融的互助原理，通过构筑信任集团来解决融资中的信息问题，在将个体信用提升为集团信用的基础上，以社区信用资源为杠杆引入外部金融资源的案例；并对我国发展社区信用组织提出了政策建议。     

美国稳定价值基金探讨

稳定价值基金（Stable Value Fund）通过保证本金和累计利息达到避免净值波动和收益稳定的投资目标，实现货币市场基金高流动性和债券基金更高收益的最佳组合，为投资者提供稳定的投资价值。本文介绍了美国稳定价值基金的发展概况，分析了其运作机制、核心优势及其发展的历史原因，并对稳定价值基金与保本基金做了比较。     

上市公司分部信息披露动因与约束

分部信息的披露主体主要是上市公司.公司出于竞争投资者有限的资金等目的有自愿披露分部信息的动因.由于分部信息披露存在成本,在没有管制的情况下,企业出于自身利益最大化考虑,将通过对收益和成本的权衡来决定分部信息披露.由于分部信息披露的外部性、分部信息分布的不对称性等,不能完全依赖于自愿披露,必须对分部信息披露进行适度的管制,强制公司披露分部信息.     

欧美国债市场做市商制度分析与比较

考察国外债券市场发展的实践,我们发现做市商制度是活跃国债市场不可缺少的因素,起着举足轻重的作用.目前,我国银行间债券市场虽然也存在做市商制度,但是有行无市的困扰一直存在,形同虚设.本文重点对美国国债市场和欧洲MTS市场的做市商制度进行介绍,以期对我国国债市场做市商制度的发展和完善起到一定的借鉴作用.     

长庆油田井下作业用户满意度评价的发展研究与应用

对长庆油田采油二处井下作业系统开展用户满意度调查的历史状况进行了剖析总结,在引进评价模型的基础上,提出了适用于长庆采油二处井下作业系统的用户满意度测评体系,并进行了具体运用.