Local protectionism and regional specialization: evidence from China's industries

This paper uses a dynamic panel estimation method to investigate the determinants of regional specialization in China's industries, paying particular attention to local protectionism. Less geographic concentration is found in industries where the past tax-plus-profit margins and the shares of state ownership are high, reflecting stronger local government protection of these industries. The evidence also supports the scale-economies theory of regional specialization. Finally, the overall time trend of regional specialization of China's industries is found to have reversed an early drop in the mid-1980s, and registered a significant increase in the later years.     

The Effects of Attitudinal and Demographic Factors on Intention to Buy Pirated CDs: The Case of Chinese Consumers

This study examines the impact of attitude toward piracy on intention to buy pirated CDs using Chinese samples. Attitude toward piracy is measured by a multi-item scale that has been shown to have a consistent factor structure with four distinct components, namely, social cost of piracy, anti-big business attitude, social benefit of dissemination, and ethical belief. Our findings reveal that social benefit of dissemination and anti-big business attitude have a positive relationship with intention to buy pirated CDs while social cost of piracy and ethical belief have a negative relationship. Among these components, ethical belief tends to most strongly predict intention to buy pirated CDs. Demographic variables such as gender and age also help explain the respondents' intention to buy pirated CDs. In addition, those respondents with experience of buying pirated CDs would tend to be more likely to buy pirated CDs than those without such experience. The results are discussed with a view to helping copyright businesses to effectively suppress piracy, and directions for future research are suggested.     

Schlafstörungen im Alter

Herausforderung für Pflege und Therapie - Gesunder Schlaf ist ein wesentliches Gesundheitsgut, das es zu bewahren und zu f?rdern gilt. Da ein gest?rter Schlaf weitreichende Folgen hat, sollten Pflegende Einflussfaktoren kennen, die die Schlafprobleme verursachen und verst?rken, um darauf in ihrem berufspraktischen Alltag reagieren zu k?nnen.     

Institutional dynamics and organizations affecting the adoption of sustainable development in the United Kingdom and Brazil

This paper provides an exploratory comparative assessment of the institutional pressures influencing corporate social responsibility (CSR) in a developed country, UK, vs. a developing country, Brazil, based on a survey of different actors. Information on sustainability concerns, organizational strategies and mechanisms of pressure was collected through interviews with environmental regulatory agencies, financial institutions, media and non‐governmental organizations. Our results confirm that the more advanced awareness and CSR responsiveness in the UK is a consequence of a predominance of coercive and normative forces on the organizational field. The institutional forces tend to build a Brazilian organizational field that is relational based and risk intensive. The findings lend support to the view that CSR responses are unlikely to be easily transformed into uniform standardized practices across the globe. This paper contributes to a collective understanding of the organizational field and a common template for CSR in the context of developed and developing countries.     

Outward foreign investment and export structure: a case study of Taiwan's FDI in Malaysia

As Taiwan's outward FDI was primarily motivated by the relatively lower costs of land and labour in the host countries, one tends to expect that the structure of production and exports in Taiwan would shift toward higher capital and skill intensity. The structure of Taiwan's exports to the ASEAN-4 was concentrated more in higher human and physical capital intensities than Taiwan's total exports to the world. Moreover, Taiwan's exports to the ASEAN-4 were more concentrated on intermediate goods and machinery. A case study of Taiwan's outward FDI in Malaysia indicated that three of the five leading industries that accounted for a large shares of changes on FDI stocks and corresponding export commodities were the same. Pooling estimates also show that FDI has a small but positive impact on Taiwan's exports to the host country. The study further showed that Taiwan's FDI in Malaysia includes mixed tactics of ‘defensive’ and ‘aggressive’ strategies in various industries. In terms of the influence of the presence and economic role of ethnic Chinese on Taiwan's outward FDI, the study showed that the ‘Chinese connection’ has not been a significant factor in determining the industrial distribution of Taiwan's FDI in Malaysia.     

中国水产品对外贸易特征及竞争力分析

经济全球化的今天,各国经济发展的相互依赖性日趋强烈,贸易成为加强各国经济联系的最重要的纽带之一。通过分析中国水产品对外贸易特征及采用显示性比较优势指数(BCA),出口市场占有率指数及贸易专业化指数(TC)分析其竞争力。得出:(1)2017年,中国对日本水产品出口额达37.16亿美元,同比增长4.65%,对美国水产品出口额为31.20亿美元,同比增长4.32%。(2)034类(鲜活冷藏及冻鱼)和037类(鱼类及甲壳软体制品)水产品在中国水产品对外贸易中始终处于优势地位。(3)034类(鲜活冷藏及冻鱼)水产品和036类(鲜活冷藏冷冻及腌甲壳软体)水产品具备较强的国际竞争力,035类(干烟熏鱼)水产品和037类(鱼类及甲壳软体制品)水产品则具备极强的国际竞争力。未来,中国水产品需优化国际贸易结构,建立严格的管理体制,安全合理的利用渔业资源,资金和技术都要跟上走出去的步伐,争取完善的外部环境。企业要提高创新能力,加大对水产品的投入,提高水产品的性价比。     

改革开放以来消费升级与进一步促进消费的对策

中国改革开放以来,消费升级先后历经了四个阶段,居民先是摆脱了绝对贫困,然后由生存型消费向发展型消费、享受型消费和服务型消费升级。根据消费升级的发展规律和发展趋势,以及目前消费已成为中国经济增长最大驱动力的背景,提出进一步加快消费升级和促进消费的对策建议,包括：通过完善需求侧进一步拉动消费升级,通过供给侧改革进一步推动消费升级,进一步发挥中等收入和高收入群体在消费领域的作用,营造良好的消费环境助推消费升级。