1990-2005年中国经济系统物质投入及其减量化分析

本文以欧盟经济系统物质流分析方法中的物质输入核心指标——直接物质投入为基础,追踪和考察了1990—2005年中国经济系统直接物质投入的历史发展轨迹与结构变化,并利用物质减量分解模型对直接物质投入进行了经济增长的反弹效应和物质使用强度的减量效应分解,最后指出了该研究指标的不足之处。     

当前我国消费率偏低的原因与对策

我国消费率偏低的原因是,积累率偏高,人均收入水平相对较低,收入分配不合理,社会安全网不健全,消费习惯和文化,家庭消费的特点,消费信用发展滞后,国有企业不分红导致企业储蓄比重大。当前影响消费的不利因素是,受经济危机冲击,消费环境尚待改善。扩大消费要改革收入分配机制,提高居民消费能力;优化消费环境、改善居民消费条件。     

The external water footprint of the Netherlands: Geographically-explicit quantification and impact assessment

This study quantifies the external water footprint of the Netherlands by partner country and import product and assesses the impact of this footprint by contrasting the geographically-explicit water footprint with water scarcity in the different parts of the world. The total water footprint of the Netherlands is estimated to be about 2300 m³/year/cap, of which 67% relates to the consumption of agricultural goods, 31% to the consumption of industrial goods, and 2% to domestic water use. The Dutch water footprint related to the consumption of agricultural goods, is composed as follows: 46% related to livestock products; 17% oil crops and oil from oil crops; 12% coffee, tea, cocoa and tobacco; 8% cereals and beer; 6% cotton products; 5% fruits; and 6% other agricultural products. About 11% of the water footprint of the Netherlands is internal and 89% is external. Only 44% of virtual-water import relates to products consumed in the Netherlands, thus constituting the external water footprint. For agricultural products this is 40% and for industrial products this is 60%. The remaining 56% of the virtual-water import to the Netherlands is re-exported. The impact of the external water footprint of Dutch consumers is highest in countries that experience serious water scarcity. Based on indicators for water scarcity the following eight countries have been identified as most seriously affected: China; India; Spain; Turkey; Pakistan; Sudan; South Africa; and Mexico. This study shows that Dutch consumption implies the use of water resources throughout the world, with significant impacts in water-scarce regions.     

Appraising Intangible Assets from the Viewpoint of Value Drivers

This article does not intend to actually valuate intangible assets but focuses to investigate the relative value distribution of corporate intangible assets, and this links closely to the concept and application of value drivers. This is because we believe that drivers or attributes of the value significantly determine how the virtual value of these intangibles can be created for companies. We apply the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to the appraising process of intangible assets. The AHP method can mainly sort the non-financial value drivers in order according to their weighted contributions. Therefore, the key purpose of this article is to develop a tentative model for the evaluation of intangible assets, which helps business to correctly appraise corporate value ratios and avoid bias due to mainly relying on financial statements when measuring an entity’s value. In addition, in view of the significant proportion of intangible assets over total assets in high-technology industries, this research, then, uses six industries in Hsinchu Science Park, Taiwan, as its research objects in order to test the applicability of its model, as well as exploring the value weights of intangible assets and its evaluation among different technology industries. Besides, the empirical result of this article is mainly to support business appraisal and thus improves the effectiveness of value-based management.     

Auditing program evaluation audits: Executive training exercise for assessing management thinking, planning, and actions

The present article is an application of Schank's (Schank, Roger C. (2005), Lessons in Learning, New York: Wiley.) “principle #1: just-in-time information delivery makes information useful….OR, don't tell people things that they cannot immediately make use of.” The article describes five activities that always occurring implicitly and sometimes explicitly in managing a product, brand, or service: scanning, planning, implementing, assessing, and administering. Management and financial audits of actions and outcomes of programs are sometimes required by firms and government legislative bodies. Similar to the use of written checklist by pilots of the multiple steps involved before plane take-offs, management audit templates are useful for insuring complete and in-depth assessments of management actions and outcomes. This article provides such a management audit template and illustrates its use. The article includes an invitation to the reader to use the template immediately in evaluating both an audit report and a marketing program that the audit report details.     

IT认证对IT人才离职意向的影响研究

本文基于人力资本理论,从个人和组织层面考察IT认证与IT人才离职意向的关系。个人层面包括IT认证、IT经验和过去的离职历史;组织层面包括薪酬增加、职位晋升和组织支持感。为考察这些变量对离职意向的影响,本文采集了260份样本进行回归分析,结果显示这些变量和离职意向显著相关。     

林业科技创新的有效机制——关于木竹产业技术创新战略联盟的调研

对我国林业行业首批进入科技部36个试点联盟之一的木竹产业技术创新战略联盟运行情况进行了调查与剖析。联盟由中国林科院木材工业研究所牵头联合32家单位共同发起组建,加盟木竹企业为行业骨干,加盟林业院校和科研机构在合作的技术领域具有前沿最高水平。联盟在搭建创新平台、组织完成国家863计划、自主研发、成果迅速转化等方面发挥了极大优势,显著提升了木竹产业创新能力。建议进一步优化联盟成员结构、加强分工合作、完善利益机制,进一步推动产业联盟健康发展。     

Design and application of task administration protocols for collaborative production and service systems

This research investigates the design of Task Administration Protocols (TAPs) for effective task allocation and administration in collaborative production/service systems. Customer-focused and concurrent engineering service systems process tasks more effectively as a result of the power of collaboration among multiple participants. In such environments, however, complex situations might arise that require decisions that cannot be handled by simple Coordination Protocols (CPs). To design an effective control mechanism to manage complex situations, this research identifies basic problems in collaborative task administration and proposes the design framework of protocols to solve the problems. In the framework, TAPs consist of three component-protocols: (1) Task Requirement Analysis Protocol, (2) Shared Resource Allocation Protocol, and (3) Synchronization and Time-Out Protocol. Each component protocol is activated to address priority-based allocation, resource-aware allocation, and task re-allocation at a different task administration context, ranging from task initialization, task allocation, to task monitoring, respectively. To analyze feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed design, TAPs are applied to two collaborative production/service systems. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance achieved by different TAPs and non-TAP CPs under various load conditions. The results show that there is a significant performance improvement by TAPs over CPs in most cases, e.g., 84% vs. 64% in terms of task completion ratio. The advantage of TAPs can be explained by their design with relatively higher level of collaborative intelligence, addressing more complex control logic than non-TAP CPs.     

Real Estate,the External Finance Premium and Business Investment: A Quantitative Dynamic General Equilibrium Analysis

This article studies the connection between the capital market and the real estate market. Empirically, we find that positive real house price shocks lower the external finance premium and stimulate nonresidential investment and real gross domestic product (GDP). Our theoretical framework is able to mimic the volatility of the external finance premium, the relative price of real estate and capital and the investment in real estate and capital. It also captures the cyclicality of the external finance premium and of real estate prices. The contribution of real estate price fluctuations to the variability of the external finance premium and the GDP is confirmed to be significant.     

‘Psychopaths’ at Work? Implications of Lay Persons’ Use of Labels and Behavioural Criteria for Psychopathy

In attempting to explain or deal with negative workplace behaviours such as workplace bullying, the notion of ‘workplace psychopaths’ has recently received much attention. Focusing on individual aspects of negative workplace behaviour is at odds with more systemic approaches that recognise the contribution of individual, organisational and societal influences, without seeking to blame a person(s) for their behaviour or personality disorder. Regarding a coworker as a psychopath is highly stigmatising, and given the relatively low prevalence of psychopathy in the community, is likely to be incorrect. Sources promoting the notion of workplace psychopathy provide lists of diagnostic criteria and appear to encourage the perception that it is common. This research examines how lay persons use behavioural criteria consistent with psychopathy and the label ‘psychopath’ in relation to a coworker. 307 Australian workers completed an online survey concerning their experience of workplace bullying, which also asked them to rate a coworker’s behaviour on a range of scales to assess perceptions of psychopathy. Rates of psychopathy, when using labels and behavioural criteria, were found to be much higher than scientific estimates of prevalence, for both participants who had been bullied and those who had not. A higher proportion of non-bullied participants classified a coworker as a psychopath when using the label ‘psychopath’, compared to when using behavioural criteria. The notion that there are psychopaths in every workplace should be treated with caution to ensure that the potential for ‘misdiagnosis’ and stigmatisation do not cause further harm in situations of unacceptable workplace behaviours.