On the implied market price of risk under the stochastic numéraire

This papers addresses the stock option pricing problem in a continuous time market model where there are two stochastic tradable assets, and one of them is selected as a numéraire. An equivalent martingale measure is not unique for this market, and there are non-replicable claims. Some rational choices of the equivalent martingale measures are suggested and discussed, including implied measures calculated from bond prices constructed as a risk-free investment with deterministic payoff at the terminal time. This leads to possibility to infer a implied market price of risk process from observed historical bond prices.     

YouTubers’ networking activities during the 2016 South Korea earthquake

While YouTube has become an important social networking platform for risk and crisis communications, research into its role and use during environmental disasters has not been conducted. The present study investigates how Korean YouTubers reacted during the 2016 Gyeongju earthquakes. Two kinds of data were collected from the most popular YouTube clips on the earthquake (from AfreecaTV and YonHap news): the most frequently used words in the replies to the comments and the networked forums among YouTubers. Findings suggest that YouTube has become a channel for quickly increasing public awareness of crises and for promoting safety strategies. InDegree Centralization is higher in professional videos. Hierarchy measure’s value is one, which means the reply-to network is not two-way. There is sparse close-knittedness in amateur videos. Community clusters emerge in amateur videos over time. The results also reveal that YouTubers on AfreecaTV are more likely to express emotional opinions than their counterparts on YonHap news are.     

绍兴纺织出口可持续发展指标体系研究

本文构建了包含15个指标的出口可持续发展指标体系,运用主成分分析法,以绍兴为例,对特定产品出口发展水平进行综合评价。研究结果表明,绍兴纺织出口可持续发展水平较差,且有下降趋势,因此需要在加大研发投入,增强环保意识,调整产品结构和开发高端市场等方面做持续努力。     

Context matters

Eliciting the level of risk aversion of experimental subjects is of crucial concern to experimenters. In the literature there are a variety of methods used for such elicitation; the concern of the experiment reported in this paper is to compare them. The methods we investigate are the following: Holt–Laury price lists; pairwise choices, the Becker–DeGroot–Marschak method; allocation questions. Clearly their relative efficiency in measuring risk aversion depends upon the numbers of questions asked; but the method itself may well influence the estimated risk-aversion. While it is impossible to determine a ‘best’ method (as the truth is unknown) we can look at the differences between the different methods. We carried out an experiment in four parts, corresponding to the four different methods, with 96 subjects. In analysing the data our methodology involves fitting preference functionals; we use four, Expected Utility and Rank-Dependent Expected Utility, each combined with either a CRRA or a CARA utility function. Our results show that the inferred level of risk aversion is more sensitive to the elicitation method than to the assumed-true preference functional. Experimenters should worry most about context.     

Extreme value statistics for censored data with heavy tails under competing risks

This paper addresses the problem of estimating, from randomly censored data subject to competing risks, the extreme value index of the (sub)-distribution function associated to one particular cause, in a heavy-tail framework. Asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator is established. This estimator has the form of an Aalen-Johansen integral and is the first estimator proposed in this context. Estimation of extreme quantiles of the cumulative incidence function is then addressed as a consequence. A small simulation study exhibits the performances for finite samples.     

A city of trades: Spanish and Italian immigrants in late-nineteenth-century Buenos Aires,Argentina

The city of Buenos Aires in the 1890s is an extreme case in immigration history since the native workers accounted for less than one-third of the labour force. In this paper, we look at the labour market performance of Argentineans vis-à-vis the largest two immigrant groups, Italians and the Spaniards. We find that, on average, Argentineans enjoyed higher wages, but workers specialised in particular occupations by nationality. Immigrants clustered in occupations with lower salaries. Despite higher literacy levels and the language advantage, Spaniards did not outperform Italians in earnings. Ethnic networks facilitated the integration of immigrants into the host society and played a role in the occupation selection of immigrants. Our results suggest that Italian prosperity in Buenos Aires was not based on superior earnings or skills but on older and powerful networks.     

Accounting comparability and relative performance evaluation in CEO compensation

We investigate whether accounting comparability is associated with the likelihood that CEO compensation is tied to relative accounting performance (e.g., return on assets). We predict that higher accounting comparability increases the risk-sharing benefit of accounting-based RPE because peer firm performance better controls for common risk in RPE firm performance. Thus, firms that have higher accounting comparability with potential performance peers will be more likely to include accounting-based RPE as a component of the total CEO compensation contract. We find support for this prediction using (1) an explicit test design that relies on the ex ante terms of CEO compensation contracts obtained from proxy disclosures, and (2) an implicit design that relies on the actual realizations of CEO compensation. To provide further evidence, we examine the association between accounting comparability and the selection of performance peers when the CEO compensation contract includes an accounting-based RPE component. We find that higher comparability between the RPE firm and a potential peer firm increases (decreases) the potential peer firm’s likelihood of being selected into (dropped from) the peer group. Cross-sectional analyses show that this association is less pronounced, or not present, when the relative performance measure is price-based (as opposed to accounting-based), indicating that these results do not merely reflect a more general role of comparability in all RPE contracts.     

Is China’s Manufacturing Industry Efficient? Evidence from an Energy-Rebound Effect Perspective

Majority of the increase in global energy consumption is from China; hence, studying energy issues, especially in China’s manufacturing industry (CMI), is worthwhile and of much interest in the academic field. Based on the translog cost function, we develop a research framework to study the rebound effect of CMI. Considering the effect of asymmetric energy price, we augment the energy-cost function with asymmetric influence constraint of energy price. Again, we add time series data of CMI’s capital, labor, energy, and mid-input to the model to calculate the direct rebound effect of CMI. We find that the rebound effect of CMI is 44.2%, and CMI still has large energy-conservation potentials. Based on the results of this study, some policy recommendations are provided.     

《王乃誉日记》:一部令人赞叹的大书

《王乃誉日记》卷帙浩博,内容丰厚,兼具人文、历史、社会之价值。日记是晚清十数年间发生的历史大变局之最直接、最切实、最鲜活的见证,也是新的历史条件下刊行此日记供学界研读的最重要价值所在;乃誉公的饱学、睿智和开明必然能造就一代大师王国维,这也是此日记现在刊行供学界研读的最根本价值;日记文献方面的重大价值体现在可为海宁方志提供珍贵的史料,是深化王国维研究之经史考据、金石之学和字画鉴赏研究所必需。     

Career concerns,shareholder monitoring and investment efficiency: From the perspective of compensation contract rigidity in Chinese SOEs

This paper presents theoretical analysis of how career concerns and shareholder monitoring affect chief executive officer(CEO) agency costs. We investigate inve...