全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3556篇 |
免费 | 89篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 312篇 |
工业经济 | 150篇 |
计划管理 | 599篇 |
经济学 | 582篇 |
综合类 | 11篇 |
运输经济 | 26篇 |
旅游经济 | 31篇 |
贸易经济 | 487篇 |
农业经济 | 180篇 |
经济概况 | 1267篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 28篇 |
2022年 | 14篇 |
2021年 | 29篇 |
2020年 | 52篇 |
2019年 | 78篇 |
2018年 | 100篇 |
2017年 | 101篇 |
2016年 | 78篇 |
2015年 | 67篇 |
2014年 | 122篇 |
2013年 | 282篇 |
2012年 | 131篇 |
2011年 | 151篇 |
2010年 | 107篇 |
2009年 | 109篇 |
2008年 | 119篇 |
2007年 | 96篇 |
2006年 | 92篇 |
2005年 | 60篇 |
2004年 | 88篇 |
2003年 | 81篇 |
2002年 | 66篇 |
2001年 | 47篇 |
2000年 | 53篇 |
1999年 | 35篇 |
1998年 | 42篇 |
1997年 | 39篇 |
1996年 | 40篇 |
1995年 | 36篇 |
1994年 | 24篇 |
1993年 | 39篇 |
1992年 | 39篇 |
1991年 | 33篇 |
1990年 | 38篇 |
1989年 | 39篇 |
1988年 | 36篇 |
1987年 | 26篇 |
1986年 | 27篇 |
1985年 | 45篇 |
1984年 | 37篇 |
1983年 | 26篇 |
1982年 | 32篇 |
1981年 | 21篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1977年 | 13篇 |
1976年 | 12篇 |
1932年 | 12篇 |
1891年 | 12篇 |
1890年 | 18篇 |
1883年 | 11篇 |
排序方式: 共有3645条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
31.
This paper studies a link between inflation and economic activity that is built on two hypotheses. First, firms mitigate informational frictions in financial markets by accumulating retained earnings over a period of time. Second, firms allocate earnings among three competing uses - dividends, current investment, and the accumulation of internal funds - and inflation directly distorts this allocation decision as well as the real value of accumulated internal funds. The model predicts that the level of inflation - both unanticipated and expected inflation - as well as the variability of inflation distort firms’ internal financing decisions, increases frictions in financial markets, reduces the level and efficiency of investment, and reduces aggregate output. The marginal effects of inflation are increasing in the inflation rate. 相似文献
32.
Henry van Egteren 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2002,21(2):107-133
Global warming is currently an important item on most nationalenvironmental agendas. In many countries, coal-fired electricity generatingstations represent an important source of greenhouse gases. We examinehow regulations to curb emissions affect public utility pricing regulationwhen regulators act non-cooperatively. We show that, when there is limitedinformation on fixed abatement costs, an environmental regulator prefersan emission tax over an output tax or a lump sum environmental tax. Thepublic utility regulator prefers the lump sum tax regime. 相似文献
33.
34.
Rutger Hoekstra Jeroen C.J.M. van den Bergh 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2002,23(3):357-378
Many environmental problems can be attributedto the extraction and emissions of physicalsubstances. Increasing our understanding of theeconomic and technological driving forcesbehind these physical flows can contribute tosolving the environmental problems related tothem. The input-output framework is a usefulsetting in which to integrate detailedinformation about economic structure andphysical flows. In this article a specificmethod in input-output analysis is reviewed,namely Structural Decomposition Analysis (SDA).It is based on comparative static analysis,which decomposes historical changes of a policyvariable into determinant effects. SDA has beenapplied, for example, to analyze the demand andtechnological driving forces of energy use,CO2-emissions and various other pollutantsand resources. This article examines thetheoretical aspects of structuraldecomposition, in particular those concerningphysical flows and environmental issues.Furthermore, the article includes an extensivesurvey of empirical studies. 相似文献
35.
Henry van Egteren 《European Economic Review》1996,40(9):1773-1797
In this paper, I present a monopoly screening model in which a firm holds private information on fixed abatement costs. Because of the nature of the optimal contracts, bunching is never optimal even with ‘n’ distinct types. A characterization of full and limited information solutions is offered and it is shown that the design standards alone determine the value of an information rent. The variable charge is completely free of any marginal information costs. This allows the variable charge to track marginal damages and thereby ensures that marginal social costs are covered. A fixed charge implements the optimal solution. 相似文献
36.
We propose a natural conjugate prior for the instrumental variables regression model. The prior is a natural conjugate one since the marginal prior and posterior of the structural parameter have the same functional expressions which directly reveal the update from prior to posterior. The Jeffreys prior results from a specific setting of the prior parameters and results in a marginal posterior of the structural parameter that has an identical functional form as the sampling density of the limited information maximum likelihood estimator. We construct informative priors for the Angrist–Krueger [1991. Does compulsory school attendance affect schooling and earnings? Quarterly Journal of Economics 106, 979–1014] data and show that the marginal posterior of the return on education in the US coincides with the marginal posterior from the Southern region when we use the Jeffreys prior. This result occurs since the instruments are the strongest in the Southern region and the posterior using the Jeffreys prior, identical to maximum likelihood, focusses on the strongest available instruments. We construct informative priors for the other regions that make their posteriors of the return on education similar to that of the US and the Southern region. These priors show the amount of prior information needed to obtain comparable results for all regions. 相似文献
37.
Seven computerprograms for non-linear regression or curve fitting problems are compared. The comparison of the programs, running in different computing centra, is restricted to the fit performance. Six model functions are fitted according to the least squares criterion to data series, arising from practical work. The special least squares minimization programs turned out to be better suited for these problems than general optimizing programs. 相似文献
38.
This paper deals with the specification of pollution abatement in dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) models and analyses the dynamic feedback mechanisms between economy and abatement in the context of environmental policy. A Ramsey-type economic model is presented, in which bottom-up technical and economic information on abatement techniques is integrated in a top-down dynamic CGE context. The practical suitability of the specification is illustrated by an empirical application for climate change and acidification in the Netherlands. The results show that a mixture of some slowdown of economic growth, a substantial restructuring of the economy and implementation of most technical abatement measures is optimal. 相似文献
39.
Simulated annealing: An introduction 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
40.
Benis Egoh Mathieu Rouget Andrew T. Knight Albert S. van Jaarsveld 《Ecological Economics》2007,63(4):714-721
A call has been made for conservation planners to include ecosystem services into their assessments of conservation priority areas. The need to develop an integrated approach to meeting different conservation objectives and a shift in focus towards human wellbeing are some of the motivations behind this call. There is currently no widely accepted approach to planning for ecosystem services. This study contributes towards the development of this approach through a review of conservation assessments and the extent to which they include ecosystem services. Of the 476 conservation assessments identified by a set of search terms on the Web of Science, 100 were randomly selected for this review. Of these only seven had included ecosystem services, while another 13 had referred to ecosystem services as a rationale for conservation without including them in the assessment. The majority of assessments were based on biodiversity pattern data while 19 used data on ecological processes. A total of 11 of these 19 assessments used processes, which could be linked to services. Ecosystem services have witnessed an increase in attention received in conservation assessments since the year 2000, however trends were not apparent beyond this date. In order to assess which types of ecosystem services and how they have been accounted for in conservation assessments, we extended our review to include an additional nine conservation assessments which included ecosystem services. The majority included cultural ecosystem services, followed by regulatory, provisioning and supporting services respectively. We conclude with an analysis of the constraints and opportunities for the integration of ecosystem services into conservation assessments and highlight the urgent need for an appropriate framework for planning for ecosystem services. 相似文献