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121.
Motor carrier safety is an important concern of shippers, carriers, policy makers, consignees, insurance providers, and the motoring public. One aspect of carrier safety that has garnered substantial attention is whether carriers making greater use of owner–operators are more or less safe vis‐à‐vis carriers making greater use of employee drivers. Currently, conflicting theoretical predictions exist regarding the direction of this relationship. In this article, we offer a reconciliation of the alternative theoretical predictions by developing a coherent theory that merges sociological rational choice theory and theory regarding motor carrier safety. We subject our theory to empirical testing by fitting a series of seemingly unrelated regression models to a vector of safety measures tracked as part of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration's Compliance, Safety, and Accountability program. Our results are consistent with our proposed theory of owner—operator safety and provide meaningful theoretical and managerial implications and directions for future research. 相似文献
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123.
We investigate whether firms restructure board composition to align with changes in their contracting environment. Board size and independence increase with firm complexity, consistent with theoretical predictions. However, the hypothesized negative relation between board independence and information costs is evident only for firms completing acquisitions. Furthermore, board independence increases to offset increases in CEO power in a sample of firms making acquisitions, but decreases when CEO power increases in a large cross‐section of firms. We conclude that after the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002, firms face constraints adjusting to target board structure, but these constraints can be mitigated by a shock to the contracting environment via acquisition. 相似文献
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125.
Lisichkin S. E. Rubin O. D. Pashchenko F. A. 《Power Technology and Engineering (formerly Hydrotechnical Construction)》2021,55(3):373-379
Power Technology and Engineering - The experimental results on retaining reinforced-concrete walls reinforced with anchor ties and carbon composite materials on the face side of hydraulic... 相似文献
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127.
In this paper, we focus on the question to what extent machine learning (ML) tools can be used to support systematic literature reviews. We apply a ML approach for topic detection to analyze emerging topics in the literature—our context is accounting and finance research in the Asia–Pacific region. To evaluate the robustness of the approach, we compare findings from the automated ML approach with the results from a manual analysis of the literature. The automated approach uses a keyword algorithm detection mechanism whereby the manual analysis uses common techniques for qualitative data analysis, that is, triangulation between researchers (expert judgement). From our paper, we conclude that both methods have strengths and weaknesses. The automated analysis works well for large corpora of text and provides a very standardized and non-biased way of analyzing the literature. However, the human researcher is potentially better equipped to evaluate current issues and future trends in the literature. Overall, the best results might be achieved when a variety of tools are used together. 相似文献
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129.
Estimation of earth-fill dam height and dimension of spillway are strongly depend on accurate evaluation of dam overtopping reliability. Ideally, whole random and effective variables on overtopping should be considered for dam overtopping reliability assessment. However, taking into account all affecting random variables as well as overtopping reliability assessment using algorithms such as Monte Carlo (MC) could be excessively time consuming and impossible in some cases. In this study, new approach has been introduced as conditional reliability method and it has been tried to reduce the simulations time significantly by using combination of rainfall threshold theory, SUFI (Sequential Uncertainty Fitting) and MC methods. According two defined indexes, the obtain results shown, the relative error of new approach in computation of Jamishan dam overtopping reliability is less than 0.23%. Also, time saving in new method against to regular MC method is more than 87%. So, the new introduced method has more efficiency with acceptable accuracy for assessment of dam overtopping reliability. In addition, among hydrological and hydraulic uncertainties, hydrological uncertainties have more effect on overtopping reliability. 相似文献
130.
Gary V. Engelhardt Michael D. Eriksen Nadia Greenhalgh‐Stanley 《Real Estate Economics》2019,47(4):1055-1088
We examine the extent to which parents use housing and shared living arrangements as a form of risk‐sharing for their adult children, using detailed data on children and parents in the Health and Retirement Study for 1998–2012. On average, a young man moving from full‐time to nonemployment raises the likelihood of coresiding with a parent by 1.5 percentage points; moving from full‐time employment to being part‐time employed raises the likelihood of coresiding with a parent by 2 percentage points. The implied elasticity of parental coresidence with respect to the son's income is ‐1.1; for daughters, the elasticity is ‐0.5. 相似文献