Identity and environmentalism: the influence of community characteristics

This paper examines the influence of community characteristics on self-proclaimed environmentalism. We find that the composition of a community affects the likelihood that a person claims to be a strong environmentalist even after controlling for individual political leaning, socio-economic characteristics, and pro-environment behaviors. Individuals are more likely to claim to be strong environmentalists if they live in areas where a larger share of the population has post-graduate degrees, if they live in heavily Democratic areas, or if they live in heavily Republican areas. These community effects occur only when individuals are predisposed to take on an environmental identity.     

旁观者的视角:中国现行及可行的经济刺激方案

在热议美国应当制定怎样的经济刺激方案以应对危机的过程中,劳伦斯·萨莫斯曾建议,刺激方案的关键要素应当是"及时性、针对性以及暂时性"。及时性是指方案的制定及实施要恰在经济衰退发生的过程中;针对性是指刺激方案应当针对收入下降的群体,以确保该群体     

STUDY OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL SEPARATION OF BOUNDARY LAYER OVER BLUNT BODIES

In the case of three-dimensional flows,the separation can be defined in more than one way.Discussions about three-dimensional boundary layer separation in the literature have found a rational extension of the zero skin friction.Attempts have been made to establish the identity of "separation lines".Among definitions,these may be found:(1)envelopes of limiting streamlines,(2)lines dividing flow which has come from different regions,(3)lines of singularities(problems of topology),(4)lines on which some component of the skin friction vanishes.Each of these is valid under certain conditions,but none is universally valid.In the present work,we use the definition(4),i.e.at low incidence of a blunt body the separation line is identified as the zero of the meridian skin friction component(Wang 1975).So the separation line on a flattened spheroid(6:3:1)at 6o of incidence is calculated,as well as experimentally determined by using the electrochemical method,which allows to follow the evolution of the parietal velocity gradient.     

Fertility,income distribution,and economic growth: theory and cross-country evidence

The authors perform discriminatory, empirical tests of a theoretical model that predicts that family size adversely affects output per capita and nonsteady state growth rates. Neoclassical models posit that adverse output and nonsteady growth rates are affected by labor force growth (LFG) or population growth (PG). This study tests whether family size (FS) will be more significant than LFG or PG in explaining differences in economic growth (EG) rates across countries during 1960-88. A proxy variable for the public education system was used to separate government interventions on human capital formation from market forces. Data were obtained for 73 countries, which exclude centrally planned economies, oil-producing countries, and those with less than 1 million population. The empirical test is run with 58-country, 45-country, and 96-country samples to test for robustness and reliability. The empirical test supports the theoretical model. It demonstrates that equal distribution of income and smaller FS enhance EG. With income inequality, the effect of FS was significant, and the effect of the LFG rate or PG rate was insignificant. With a given FS, LFG was positively correlated with EG. A reduction of the net fertility rate by one point would increase the worker output growth rate by 0.25%, and the differences in growth rates between high- and low-fertility countries would be 1%. An increase in the income share of the bottom 60% would increase the growth rate of worker output by about 1%. Higher investments in public or private education would be conducive to growth.     

尼泊尔的“中国风”

前些天去中国的近邻尼泊尔旅行,当大巴车行驶在蜿蜒的山路中时,我想起几年前丰田汽车的一条广告语,车到山前必有路,有路必有丰田车。山路上充斥着我从来都没见过的最古老和装饰得最繁琐的卡车,这些卡车都是由尼泊尔的另外一个近邻——印度的塔塔汽车公司制造的。不单单是这些卡车,我在加德满都的街道上看到的很大一部分车都是塔塔公司     

1-D coupled non-equilibrium sediment transport modeling for unsteady flows in the discontinuous Galerkin framework

A high-resolution,1-D numerical model has been developed in the discontinuous Galerkin framework to simulate 1-D flow behavior,sediment transport,and morphological evaluation under unsteady flow conditions.The flow and sediment concentration variables are computed based on the one-dimensional shallow water flow equations,while empirical equations are used for entrainment and deposition processes.The sediment transport model includes the bed load and suspended load components.New formulations for Harten-Lax-van Leer(HLL) and Harten-Lax-van Contact(HLLC) are presented for shallow water flow equations that include the bed load and suspended load fluxes.The computational results for the flow and morphological changes after two dam break events are compared with the physical model tests.Results show that the modified HLL and HLLC formulations are robust and can accurately predict morphological changes in highly unsteady flows.     

渭河漫滩饱和带垂向渗透系数研究

采用竖管法现场测定渭河漫滩饱和带渗透系数,为测定漫滩沉积物渗透系数提供一种更为简便的方法。分析渗透系数各排内的变化以及各排之间的差别。应用Matlab软件检验实验数据的统计分布规律,应用地质统计原理计算渗透系数的变异函数并分析其空间变异性。分析得出各排的渗透系数属于对数正态分布。结果表明:①78个采样点测定垂向渗透系数平均值为11.35m/d,沿河岸线方向渗透系数相近,与河岸线垂直方向渗透系数差异较大;②渭河漫滩饱和带垂向渗透系数具有较强的空间变异性。     

第二十一届全国水动力学研讨会暨第八届全国水动力学学术会议暨两岸船舶与海洋工程水动力学研讨会在山东省济南市举行

第二十一届全国水动力学研讨会暨第八届全国水动力学学术会议暨两岸船舶与海洋工程水动力学研讨会于2008年8月22日至27日在山东省济南市举行。本届会议由《水动力学研究与进展》编委会、中国力学学会、中国造船工程学会、山东大学、台湾海洋大学、台湾大学等单位联合主办。来自全国各领域44家单位140余名代表参加了会议。特别值得指出,     

印度小水电开发与私有化

介绍了印度小水电开发与私有化的基本情况。创新和高效是私营公司的主要优点,对目前印度私营机构参与小水电开发的状况进行了重点研究,同时还分析印度政府在这方面的政策和激励措施。提出了促进私营机构开发小水电的策略。     

德国污泥处置发展情况和相关政策法规简介

主要介绍了德国污泥产量稳中有降的发展趋势;探讨了德国污泥处理处置技术及其发展方向,分析认为未来德国污泥处置主要以物质和能源利用为主。并总结了各种污泥处置方式相应的政策法规。列举了污泥中有害物质和重金属含量的临界值规定。为我国污泥处理处置工艺及相关法规政策的制定提供借鉴和参考。