Flood frequency and routing processes at a confluence of the middle Yellow River in China

Floods cause environmental hazards and influence on socio‐economic activities. In this study, we evaluated the historic flood frequency at a confluence in the middle Yellow River, China. A non‐parametric, multivariate, empirical, orthogonal function matrix model, which consists of time correlation coefficients of flood discharge at different gauge stations and flood events was used for the analysis of flood frequency. The model addresses the characteristics of confluent floods such as frequency and the probability in multiple tributary rivers. Flood frequency analysis is often coupled with studies of hydrological routing processes that reduce the flood capacity of the rivers. Flood routing to the confluence were simulated using kinematic wave theory. Results of this flood frequency analysis showed that flooding frequency has intensified in the past 500 years, especially during the 19th century. Flooding in streams above the confluence was more frequent than in streams below the confluence. Over the last 2000 years, concurrent flooding in multiple tributary rivers accounted for 67.5% of the total flooding in the middle Yellow River. Simulation of flood routing processes shows that the decreased flooding capacity and elevated river bed of the shrunken main channel leads to an increased flood wave propagation time (24–52.3 h) in the study area after 1995. The model indicates that human activities, such as constructions of the Sanmenxia Dam, have changed flood routing boundary conditions and have contributed to the increased flood frequency at the confluence. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

全球气候变暖对水资源的影响

全球气候变暖加剧了干旱、洪涝、台风等自然灾害的发生，是目前各国政府和社会公众普遍关注的热点问题。根据有关资料对气候变暖研究进展情况作相关介绍，可供参考。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF STRESS-INDUCED SECONDARY FLOWS WITH HYBRID FINITE ANALYTIC METHOD

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｔｕｒｂｕｌｅｎｔｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓｉｎｎｏｎ ｃｉｒｃｕｌａｒｄｕｃｔｓａｎｄｏｐｅｎｃｈａｎｎｅｌｓａｒｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚｅｄｂｙｌｏｎｇｉｔｕｄｉ ｎａｌｖｏｒｔｉｃｅｓ .Ｔｈｅｓｅｖｏｒｔｉｃｅｓａｒｅｔｈ     

基于成本的网间互联结算研究

目前,我国电信业网间互联结算存在的较大缺陷,造成了网间互联互通的不畅。本文分析了我国及国外目前网间互联结算的现状,指出应以成本为基础确定网间互联费用,提出了完善我国电信业网间互联结算的几点建议。     

荷兰：领军欧洲物流

就像性格决定命运一样,一个国家所处的地理位置常常决定了这个国家的内在气质和发展命运。荷兰作为欧洲门户的战略位置必然决定了它开放、自由、灵活、新鲜、充满理想的性格特征。而事过境迁之后的今天,这个国家依然以蔑视常规、热衷冒险,野心勃勃的心态努力开创新世界。     

BOOK REVIEW

Emerging Financial Markets, by David O. Beim and Charles W. Calomiris. McGraw‐Hill/Irwin, 2001, 364 pages, price $75.00.     

汇票上加盖结算专用章的责任分析

【案件事实】2002年11月，程平欲为某商贸企业融资，遂找到时任新新银行行长的郝力，两人商量后，意图以商业汇票贴现回购的方式来进行操做作，即由商贸企业开具汇票，由新新银行加盖印章，办理虚假的贴现手续，然后再由程平持票向其他银行转让套现。经中间人引见，杨晓东（国栋银行副行长）了解到新新银行意图为企业做商业汇票贴现回购之事并结识了郝力。     

知识产权担保融资方式的运作新模式浅析

对我国知识产权担保融资试点中存在运作程序不规范、双方责任不明确、较少采取风险防范措施三方面问题及原因分析,提出了基于专业担保机构与管理咨询公司合作的知识产权担保融资的运作模式,对其中涉及到的各机构的具体关系和可能存在的风险进行了分析,并给出了一些具体的防范措施.     

再论“用离心机作静力结构模型试验”

 本文通过最近所作的两个离心模型试验,进一步探讨了用离心机作静力结构模型试验的有关问题,试验结果进一步证明用离心机作静力结构模型试验,无论在理论上和试验技术上都是可行的,最后将有关问题作了进一步的讨论。     

我国水利水电混凝土防渗墙的发展

４０年来，我国水利水电混凝土防渗技术，从无到有逐渐发展至今，已能够在各种特殊地层中修建各种用途的混凝土防渗墙。通过大量实践，积累了丰富经验。在科学研究、勘测设计和施工技术及现代化管理方面也获得很大进展，解决了在复杂地质条件下建坝所遇到的规模较大的常规地基处理技术，也掌握了特殊地基处理的某些关键技术。