PLANNING FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT:The COMMUNITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN

Ｉｎ１９９６，ｔｈｅＣｉｔｙｏｆＳａｎｔａＦｅ，ＮｅｗＭｅｘｉｃｏａｄｏｐｔｅｄｉｔｓｆｉｒｓｔＣｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙＥｃｏｎｏｍｉｃＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔＰｌａｎ（ＣＥＤＰ）．ＴｈｅｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｏｆｔｈｅＣＥＤＰｉｓｔｏｃｒｅａｔｅａｓｔｒａｔｅｇｉｃｐｌａｎｆｏｒｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆＳａｎｔａＦｅ ｓｅｃｏｎｏｍｙ，ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙｗａｙｓｔｏｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｆｙｔｈｅｅｃｏｎｏｍｙ，ｉ ｄｅｎｔｉｆｙｅｘｉｓｔｉｎｇｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉｅｓｗｉｔｈｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｆｏｒｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍ…     

发展中国家的普遍服务政策

该文构建非对称信息模型分析普遍服务政策问题,其中政府对企业在农村提供服务的边际成本具有非对称信息.该文对区别定价和统一定价两种情形进行了对比分析.在实施区别定价时,不完全信息将提高农村地区的资费水平,并且降低相应的网络覆盖面积;而在实施统一定价时,农村地区的定价可能降低,但却是以网络覆盖的减少为代价的.该文的政策结论是:在实施普遍服务政策时,需要综合考虑网络投资的激励和用户承受能力.     

政府间财政转移支付对发展中国家的启示

本文考察了在设计政府间财政转移支付制度中出现的一些核心问题，总结了许多国家采取的做法，并侧重于发展中国家的做法。由于国与国之间的情况和目标有差别，所以并不存在单一的、普遍适用的转移支付模式。但世界范围的经验表明，如果要提供更有效率的服务，转移支付必须这样设计：即接受转移支付的政府必须拥有清晰的授权、足够的资源以及充分的决策灵活性，并且要对结果负责。     

La Ville de Quèbec et al planification stratègique

ＬａＶｉｌｌｅｄｅＱｕ啨ｂｅｃ，ｃａｐｉｔａｌｅｄｅｌａ ｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅｄｕｍ毢ｍｅｎｏｍ，ｅｓｔｓｉｔｕ啨ｅｄａｎｓｌ＇ｅｓｔｄｕＣａｎａｄａ，ｓｕｒｌｅｓｒｉｖｅｓｄｕｆｌｅｕｖｅＳａｉｎｔ -Ｌａｕｒｅｎｔ，ｕｎｅｄｅｓ ｇｒａｎｄｅｓｖｏｉｅｓｎａｖｉｇａｂｌｅｓｄｅｌ＇Ａｍ啨ｒｉｑｕｅｄｕＮｏｒｄ．ＢｅｒｃｅａｕｄｅｌａｃｉｖｉｌｉｓａｔｉｏｎｆｒａｎｃａｉｓｅｅｎＡｍ啨ｒｉｑｕｅ，Ｑｕ啨ｂｅｃｅｓｔｕｎｅｖｉｌｌｅｆｒａｎｃｏｐｈｏｎｅｒｅｃｏｎｎｕｅｐｏｕｒｓｏｎｅｘｃｅｌｌｅｎｔｅ…     

美洲潮汐发电园区的开发前景

因种种原因,目前开发利用的潮汐能仅占世界潮汐蕴藏总量的极小一部分,而潮汐发电园区(TG)提供了一种全新的解决方案。重点分析了在美洲开发TG的可行性,证明了TG不仅在加拿大或阿拉斯加这样的高潮差地区具有成本效益,而且在阿根廷这样的中潮差地区,甚至在巴西这样潮差只有3 m的地区也同样具有成本效益。     

第三代硝化移动床生物膜反应器废水处理效果研究

研究了移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)对废水的处理效果及固体颗粒物的分离作用,包括对COD和氨氮的去除,及其高曝气和硝化作用所产生的固体颗粒物的沉降、粒径分布等。结果表明:MBBR对COD的去除率能达到33%~59%,明显优于对照反应器;MBBR对废水中的氨氮具有很强的硝化作用,氨氮去除率达83.05%,远高于对照反应器。MBBR出水中的总悬浮物(TSS)与原废水相比,增加了约50%,同时,MBBR出水中的挥发性悬浮物(VSS)/TSS高于原废水和对照反应器出水,进一步说明MBBR出水中TSS有相当一部分来自生物膜脱落。另外,曝气能增加较大颗粒物所占的比例,从而提高了悬浮固体的沉降性能。因此,相对于传统的废水处理方法,MBBR具有可靠的除碳除氮效果。     

Elimination and accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban stormwater wet detention ponds

The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS) in water and sediments of seven wet detention ponds receiving urban stormwater were investigated. The ponds comprised traditional wet detention ponds with a permanent wet volume and a storage volume as well as ponds that were expanded with sand filters and other means to improve the removal of micropollutants. The concentrations of sigmaPAH in the sediments varied between 6 +/- 5 and 2,222 +/- 603 ng g(-1) dry weight (mean +/- standard deviation), and were highest in the ponds with lower pond volume per catchment area and did not clearly reflect different activities in the catchments. In general, the concentrations of PAHS in the sediments decreased from inlet to outlet, especially in the systems with good conditions for sedimentation such as systems with flow perpendicular sand dikes and extensive submerged vegetation. High molecular weight PAHs were predominant in the sediments indicating the pyrogenic origin of the PAHS. There was no correlation between PAH species concentrations in water or sediments and their hydrophobicity (log K(ow)). PAH concentrations in water fluctuated in response to intensity and frequency of rain events, whereas concentrations in the sediments integrated the pollutant load over time. Pond systems expanded with sand filters and other technologies to enhance removal of micropollutants consistently had concentrations of PAHS in the effluents below the detection level.     

Elaboration of the hydroxyapatite with different precursors and application for the retention of the lead

Carbonate hydroxyapatite (CHAP) was synthesized from different precursors; synthetic (CaCO3 and Ca(OH)2) and natural (egg shell before and after calcinations at 900 degrees C) under different conditions and characterized by using TG/DTG analysis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) method and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy techniques. The results of these analyses indicate that the four powders present the same structure of hydroxyapatite. Furthermore the four powders obtained were used for the retention of lead. The results obtained indicated that all powders present high adsorption capacity for lead, but from environmental and economic views, the hydroxyapatite synthesized from eggshell no calcined (HA2) is most advantageous. The influence of different sorption parameters, such as: initial metal concentration, equilibration time, solution pH and sorbent dosage was studied and discussed.     

Flow measurements in sewers based on image analysis: automatic flow velocity algorithm

Discharges of combined sewer overflows (CSOs) and stormwater are recognized as an important source of environmental contamination. However, the harsh sewer environment and particular hydraulic conditions during rain events reduce the reliability of traditional flow measurement probes. An in situ system for sewer water flow monitoring based on video images was evaluated. Algorithms to determine water velocities were developed based on image-processing techniques. The image-based water velocity algorithm identifies surface features and measures their positions with respect to real world coordinates. A web-based user interface and a three-tier system architecture enable remote configuration of the cameras and the image-processing algorithms in order to calculate automatically flow velocity on-line. Results of investigations conducted in a CSO are presented. The system was found to measure reliably water velocities, thereby providing the means to understand particular hydraulic behaviors.