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Impurity is one of the main factors that affect the measurement accuracy of an ultrasonic heat meter. To study the effects of different impurity species and concentrations on the accuracy of heat meters, flow tests were carried out for the suspending of calcium carbonate and yellow mud. By analyzing the attenuation characteristics of the ultrasound amplitude in different impurity concentrations and species, the influence of the impurities on the heat meter measurement accuracy is evaluated. In order to avoid the inaccuracy caused by the sediment of the reflective bottom surface, a vortex generator is put ahead of the reflective surface. According to the test, the calcium carbonate suspension with a mass concentration of 1%, which influences the heat meter accuracy severely, is used as the flow media. The influence of the vortex generator on the calcium carbonate suspension flow field in the heat meter body is studied with numerical simulations. The results of this paper provide some theoretical guide on improving the heat meter measurement accuracy when the water contains impurities. 相似文献
94.
This study aimed at enhancing knowledge on the fate of diclofenac (DF), together with its main human metabolite 4'-hydroxydiclofenac (4'OHDF), during wastewater treatment by using a laboratory-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR). The reactor was fed continuously with non-radiolabelled diclofenac for a one month period prior to a single pulse of a 14C-radiolabelled solution of DF and 4'OHDF. The solution spike contained approximately 25% 4'OHDF and 65% DF, which corresponds to the ratio observed in municipal sewage, as well as traces of two other metabolites. The radioactivity was monitored for a total of twelve days in the various output streams. The calculation of the complete mass balance in the system demonstrated that the major part of the radioactivity left the reactor with the permeate (88.7%), while 2.1% was recovered in the excess sludge. Negligible amounts were recovered in the off-gas traps and on the membranes. Chromatographic analyses of effluent samples, by means of HPLC-MS coupled in parallel to a radiodetector, displayed a different pattern than the one of the spiked solution. It showed the occurrence of three additional metabolites. 相似文献
95.
Surfactant wastewater is usually difficult to treat due to its toxicity and poor biodegradability. A separate physico-chemical or biochemical treatment method achieves a satisfactory effect with difficulty. In this study, treatment of the wastewater collected from a daily chemical plant by the combination processes of Fe/C internal electrolysis and biological contact oxidation was investigated. For the internal electrolysis process, the optimal conditions were: pH = 4-5, Fe/C = (10-15):1, air-water ratio = (10-20):1 and hydraulic retention time (HRT)= 2 h. For the biological contact oxidation process, the optimal conditions were: HRT = 12 h, DO = 4.0-5.0 mg/L. Treated by the above combined processes, the effluent could meet the I-grade criteria specified in Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard of China (GB 8978-1996). The results provide valuable information for full-scale linear alkylbenzene sulfonate wastewater treatment. 相似文献
96.
While the use of environmental factors in the analysis and prediction of failures of buried reticulation pipes in cold environments has been the focus of extensive work, the same cannot be said for failures occurring on pipes in other (non-freezing) environments. A novel analysis of pipe failures in such an environment is the subject of this paper. An exploratory statistical analysis was undertaken, identifying a peak in failure rates during mid to late summer. This peak was found to correspond to a peak in the rate of circumferential failures, whilst the rate of longitudinal failures remained constant. Investigation into the effect of climate on failure rates revealed that the peak in failure rates occurs due to differential soil movement as the result of shrinkage in expansive soils. 相似文献
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Pons MN Potier O Pontvianne S Laurent N France X Battaglia P 《Water science and technology》2011,64(3):602-609
In order to characterize the pollution discharged into the Moselle River and some of its tributaries, spectroscopic techniques, namely UV-vis spectroscopy and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, have been combined. UV-visible spectra were analysed using the maximum of the second derivative at 225 nm (related to nitrates), the SUVA254 and E2/E3 indices (related to the nature of organic matter). Synchronous fluorescence spectra (delta lambda = 50 nm) presented different shapes depending upon the type of pollution. The pollution results from anthropogenic activities: untreated domestic sewage due to misconnections in a periurban river, effluent from urban WWTPS, agricultural runoff (nitrates) in several streams, discharge from a paper mill (humic-like substances due to wood processing) and from steel mills (PAHs). 相似文献
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基于Web增强现实的高拱坝仓面施工可视化仿真研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对现有的高拱坝施工仿真将浇筑坝块作为最小单元进行仿真研究,忽略了浇筑坝块仓面内部胚层间施工过程的仿真,同时仿真结果的可视化手段与现场割裂,无法在任意场景结合现场实际画面进行结果分析和方案安排的问题,提出基于Web增强现实的高拱坝仓面施工可视化仿真方法。该方法主要包括两个方面:(1)对高拱坝仓面施工过程进行分析,构建高拱坝仓面施工精细仿真模型,并通过仿真计算获得仓面施工各个工序的施工历时;(2)采用Web增强现实技术将设计信息及仿真成果注册至施工现场图像,实现了信息在真实仓面上的直观展示,并实现Web浏览器跨平台的交互分析。结合实际工程开展了研究,结果表明,该方法实现了高拱坝施工进度的精细仿真并提高了可视化水平,施工管理人员可以便捷地结合现场实际情况对施工进度进行分析管理,从而保证大坝按时竣工。 相似文献
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