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991.
The economic effects of federalism are unclear: some papers find that federalism has strong positive effects on a number of
economically relevant variables, others find negative effects. The results often crucially hinge on the proxies for federalism
used. In this paper, we critically survey the existing indicators for both federalism and fiscal decentralization. We argue
that federalism is a constitutional institution, whereas decentralization is the outcome of a policy choice, and that the
two ought to be systematically distinguished because decentralization can also occur in nonfederally structured states. We
further argue that institutional details are very important with regard to federalism and that dummy variables usually capture
only very specific aspects of these institutional details. We use factor analysis to test whether the latent variables behind
the observed indicators support these assumptions. More than two important factors are derived, implying that a more fine-grained
differentiation beyond simply “‘federalism” and “decentralization” might be in order. The correlations of the most important
proxies for various aspects of federalism and decentralization with a number of quasi-exogenous variables, as well as with
institutional variables, are usually rather modest. 相似文献
992.
We develop a dynamic game model of a two-country monetary union to study strategic interactions between macroeconomic policy
makers, namely the central bank and governments. In this union, the governments of participating countries pursue national
goals when deciding on fiscal policies, whereas the common central bank’s monetary policy aims at union-wide objective variables.
The union considered is asymmetric, consisting of a core, with lower initial public debt, and a periphery, with higher initial
public debt. For a symmetric demand shock, we derive numerical solutions of the dynamic game between the governments and the
central bank using the OPTGAME algorithm. We show that mildly active cooperative countercyclical policies dominate noncooperative
solutions and a scenario of no policy intervention. Optimal policies call for a brief expansionary action to bolster the effects
on output and a return to a small fiscal primary surplus as soon as the crisis is over until the targeted level of public
debt is reached. 相似文献
993.
Heeho Kim 《International Advances in Economic Research》2011,17(2):169-180
This paper provides a theory and evidence that the risk premium puzzle is viewed as a phenomenon pertaining to the unstable
foreign exchange market. In an unstable market, revision error uncompensated by an initial risk premium accrues due to consumer
expectation revision about the ex ante uncertainty of the exchange rate. The risk premium widely deviates from its initial level, depending on the frequency of
the consumer expectation revision and the degree of risk aversion. Subsequent evidence shows the existence of the revision
errors for the risk premium during the Asian currency crisis and the recent financial crisis periods. 相似文献
994.
Panagiotis N. Fotis Michael L. Polemis Nikolaos E. Zevgolis 《Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade》2011,11(1):67-89
This paper examines the possible effect of the derogation from suspension of concentrations by the Hellenic Competition Commission
(HCC) on the stock performance of the requested companies. For this reason, we examined 16 companies listed in the Athens
Stock Exchange (A.S.E) that are involved to 13 requested derogations from suspension during the period 1995–2008 by applying
and assessing the results of three different event study methodologies (market model, mean adjusted return model and market
adjusted return model). From the empirical findings, we conclude that the argument of the requested companies concerning the
subsequent negative effect on their stock performance if the derogation from suspension by the HCC is delayed or not granted
does not hold. On the contrary, the average abnormal and cumulative returns of the requested companies are positive and statistical
significant. In addition, the results of the three event study methodologies are robust. 相似文献
995.
Bartholomew C. Watson 《Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade》2011,11(3):309-324
Like other service sectors, information technology has dramatically altered the growth and character of the retail trade sector
in the affluent economies. Nevertheless, significant variation exists in the typical strategies of retail firms in different
countries. This article explores this variation and proposes an explanation for why retailers achieved scale and solved their
make, buy, and partner decisions along such different trajectories. It argues that national bases for scale retailing were
shaped by a series of political negotiations starting in the 1960s and 1970s. This demonstrates once again that technology
implementation is rarely determined by the technology itself, but more often by social and political rules. Future technology
platforms, such as web-based or mobile commerce, should be expected to follow similar political logics. As multinational retailing
firms spread around the globe, this has important implications for national competition policy. 相似文献
996.
Dan Breznitz Martin Kenney Petri Rouvinen John Zysman Pekka Ylä-Anttila 《Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade》2011,11(3):203-207
Pervasive information and communication technology (ICT), intertwined with global dispersion of supply chains, is inducing
a sizable structural transformation. All the articles in this special issue highlight that even though technology is the key
driver, the reactions of businesses and countries to these transformations will depend on economic, political, and social
arrangements within each organization and society. The competitive landscape of the ICT industry itself is likely to remain
in flux. Also in other industries, both value creation and value capture are becoming increasingly complex—and remain more
favorable for the developed countries than some commonly used measures suggest. According to the prevailing economic thinking,
public policies should set market-friendly “rules of the game” and then stay out of the way. In the ICT domain, technical
standards, spectrum allocations, and market power associated with various types of lock-ins play crucial roles calling for
more active public involvement. In particular, the dynamic aspects of competition and anti-trust policies are important yet
complex. While there is limited scope for sectoral or horizontal industrial policies, this special issue provides alternative
avenues for considering matrix or systemic policies emphasizing education, openness, and national competitiveness. 相似文献
997.
Unyong Pyo 《Journal of Economics and Finance》2011,35(3):274-295
This paper develops an approach to tighten the bounds on asset prices in an incomplete market by combining no-arbitrage pricing
and preference-based pricing, and the approach is applied to a call option in the absence of dynamic rebalancing. With the
no-arbitrage pricing, it is straightforward to obtain the initial bounds, which are too wide to be of practical uses. By accepting
that a representative agent exhibits risk aversion from a benchmark pricing kernel, it is possible to narrow the bounds considerably.
Using the unbiased minimax deviation implicit in the parameters, one can restrict further the set of reasonable values on
assets in incomplete markets. 相似文献
998.
We develop an economic model of “greenwash,” in which a firm strategically discloses environmental information and an activist may audit and penalize the firm for disclosing positive but not negative aspects of its environmental profile. We fully characterize the model's equilibria, and derive a variety of predictions about disclosure behavior. We rationalize conflicting results in the empirical literature, finding a nonmonotonic relationship between a firm's expected environmental performance and its environmental disclosures. Greater activist pressure deters greenwash, but induces some firms to disclose less about their environmental performance. Environmental management systems discourage firms with poor expected environmental performance from greenwashing, which may justify public policies encouraging firms to adopt them. 相似文献
999.
The seasonal patterns observed on Monday stock returns are still unexplained by different asset pricing models. We attempt
to fill this gap in the finance literature by using the Fama-French (Journal of Financial Economics 33:3–56, 1993) risk factors to explain the Monday seasonal. The results in the study show that Monday returns are explained by risk factors
such as the market return, the size of the firms, and the book-to-market ratios of firms. 相似文献
1000.
Jay Carlson John W. Huppertz R. Alan Bowman James Lambrinos Martin A. Strosberg Natalia A. Kutzer 《International Journal of Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Marketing》2011,16(2):150-165
Non‐profit organizations often seek volunteers to help staff a fundraising event. In the present research, an experimental study assessed volunteering time decisions for a fundraising event following manipulations of opportunity cost valence, opportunity cost avoidability and question order involving donating time and donating money. Opportunity costs represent foregone alternatives sacrificed (e.g. working) when engaging in an activity (e.g. volunteering), with valence of the opportunity cost indicating the appeal (positive or negative) of the foregone alternative and avoidability of the opportunity cost suggesting how easy it would be to forgo the alternative. Prospective donors are often asked to consider both volunteering time and contributing money, and these two questions posed to individuals can be varied in terms of order. The results of the experiment revealed that individuals intended to volunteer the most time when an opportunity cost was negative and avoidable. The lowest time donation intentions occurred when an opportunity cost was positive and less avoidable with individuals also being asked about donating money prior to being asked to donate time. The results highlighted the importance to non‐profit firms of considering opportunity costs potential volunteers face and suggested care in structuring the order of questions involving time and money posed to those individuals. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献